znj

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈziːnit/ → /ˈsiːniʔ/ → /ˈsiːna/ → /ˈsiːnə/

Verb
z
n		 X5
D54

 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive or intransitive) to pass by, to go beyond
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 8–10:
      pH
      D54      		 n
      n
      Z2      		 pHw&ywAwAt
      xAst      		 z
      n      		 X5
      D54      		 n
      n
      Z2      		 z
      n      		 mwtt
      xAst
      pḥ.n.n pḥwj wꜣwꜣt zn.n.n znmwt
      We have reached the end of Lower Nubia, and we have passed by Bigeh.
  2. (transitive) to surpass, to exceed
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.4–2.5:
      Drr
      n      		 D&dn
      f      		 H_SPACE
      n      		 sn
      Z2      		 irn
      t t      		 nb
      t      		 mzSY1HrZ1pG41ASf
      d      		 warq
      sDmmstmiiD&dA1stmz
      n      		 X4Y1HAAY1
      Z2      		 HrZ1SAAAtY1
      Z2
      ḏr.n ḏd.n.f n.sn jr ntt nbt m zẖꜣ ḥr pꜣ šfdw sḏm st mj ḏd.j st (j)m zn ḥꜣw ḥr šꜣꜣt
      In the end he said to them: As for everything in the writing on this scroll, heed it as I say it; don’t exceed what has been set down.
  3. (intransitive) to come to an end, to pass
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 124:
      r
      S      		 fnDA2wysD&d A2d
      p t      		 nsA2n
      f      		 z
      n      		 X5D54x
      t      		 Y2
      Z2      		 Abm&r nDs
      ršwj sḏd dpt.n.f zn ḫt mr
      How joyful is he who recounts what he has experienced when a painful thing passes!

Inflection
Conjugation of znj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: zn
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
znt, znj
 znw, zn
 znt, znwt, znyt
 zn
 zn, zny
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
zn8
 ḥr znt, ḥr znj
 m znt, m znj
 r znt, r znj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect zn.n
 znw, zn, zny
 consecutive zn.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative znt, znyt
perfective3 zn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 zn.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective zn, zny
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 znw, zn, zny
 znw, zn, zny
 potentialis1 zn.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive zn, zny
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect zn.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective znw1, zny, zn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 zn
 zny, zn
imperfective zn, zny, znw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 zn, znj6, zny6
 zn, znw5
prospective znw1, zny, zn, zntj7
 — znwtj1 4, zntj4, znt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Demotic: sny

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 282.
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