zima

See also: Zima, zimą, ziḿă, and zim’ă

Czech

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech zima, from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈzɪma]
  • audio(file)

Noun

zima f

  1. winter
    Antonym: léto
  2. cold
    Synonyms: chlad, chladno, kosa, kláda, klendra
    Antonym: teplo

Declension
Declension of zima (hard feminine)
singular plural
nominative zima zimy
genitive zimy zim
dative zimě zimám
accusative zimu zimy
vocative zimo zimy
locative zimě zimách
instrumental zimou zimami

Derived terms

See also
Seasons in Czech · roční období (layout · text) · category
jaro (“spring”) léto (“summer”) podzim (“autumn”) zima (“winter”)

Further reading
  • zima in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • zima in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • zima in Internetová jazyková příručka

Kituba

Verb

zima

  1. to extinguish

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈzima/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈzima/

Noun

zima f

  1. winter (season)
    zimě ― in winter
  2. cold

Declension
Declension of zima (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative zima zimě zimy
genitive zimy zimú zim
dative zimě zimama zimám
accusative zimu zimě zimy
vocative zimo zimě zimy
locative zimě zimú zimách
instrumental zimú zimama zimami
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants
  • Czech: zima

See also
Seasons in Old Czech · roční časové (layout · text) · category
vesno, jěř (“spring”) léto (“summer”) podjesen, podzim (“autumn”) zima (“winter”)

Further reading

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish zima, from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈʑi.ma/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ima
  • Syllabification: zi‧ma

Noun

zima f

  1. winter

Declension
Declension of zima
singular plural
nominative zima zimy
genitive zimy zim
dative zimie zimom
accusative zimę zimy
instrumental zimą zimami
locative zimie zimach
vocative zimo zimy

Derived terms

See also
Seasons in Polish · pory roku (layout · text) · category
wiosna (“spring”) lato (“summer”) jesień (“autumn”) zima (“winter”)

References

    Further reading
    • zima in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • zima in Polish dictionaries at PWN

    Serbo-Croatian

    Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): /zǐːma/
    • Hyphenation: zi‧ma

    Noun

    zíma f (Cyrillic spelling зи́ма)

    1. winter
    2. cold, coldness (of weather or temperature)

    Declension
    Declension of zima
    singular plural
    nominative zima zime
    genitive zime zima
    dative zimi zimama
    accusative zimu zime
    vocative zimo zime
    locative zimi zimama
    instrumental zimom zimama

    Derived terms

    See also
    Seasons in Serbo-Croatian · godišnja doba / годишња доба (layout · text) · category
    spring:
    proleće, proljeće
    пролеће, прољеће    		 summer:
    leto, ljeto
    лето, љето    		 autumn:
    jesen
    јесен    		 winter:
    zima
    зима

    References
    • “zima” in Hrvatski jezični portal

    Slovak

    Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima.

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): [ˈzima]

    Noun

    zima f (genitive singular zimy, nominative plural zimy, genitive plural zím, declension pattern of žena)

    1. winter
    2. very cold weather (regardless of the season)

    Declension
    Declension of zima
    singular plural
    nominative zima zimy
    genitive zimy zím
    dative zime zimám
    accusative zimu zimy
    locative zime zimách
    instrumental zimou zimami

    Derived terms
    • zimný

    See also

    Further reading
    • “zima”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

    Slovene

    Etymology

    From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): /zìːma/

    Noun

    zíma f

    1. winter

    Inflection
    		The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
    Feminine, a-stem
    nom. sing. zíma
    gen. sing. zíme
    singular dual plural
    nominative
    (imenovȃlnik)    		 zíma zími zíme
    genitive
    (rodȋlnik)    		 zíme zím zím
    dative
    (dajȃlnik)    		 zími zímama zímam
    accusative
    (tožȋlnik)    		 zímo zími zíme
    locative
    (mẹ̑stnik)    		 zími zímah zímah
    instrumental
    (orọ̑dnik)    		 zímo zímama zímami

    See also
    Seasons in Slovene · létni čàs (layout · text) · category
    pomlád (“spring”) polétje (“summer”) jesén (“autumn”) zíma (“winter”)

    Further reading
    • “zima”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
    • “zima”, in Termania, Amebis
    • See also the general references

    Swahili

    Pronunciation
    • Audio (Kenya)(file)

    Etymology 1

    From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

    Adjective

    -zima (declinable)

    1. whole; entire; full
    2. mature; fully grown
    3. (in greetings) well
      U mzima ― Are you well?
    Declension
    Inflected forms of -zima
    Noun class singular plural
    m-wa class(I/II) mzima
    m-mi class(III/IV) mzima mizima
    ji-ma class(V/VI) zima mazima
    ki-vi class(VII/VIII) kizima vizima
    n class(IX/X) nzima nzima
    u class(XI) mzima see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    pa class(XVI) pazima
    ku class(XVII) kuzima
    mu class(XVIII) muzima

    Etymology 2

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Verb

    -zima (infinitive kuzima)

    1. to turn off, extinguish, quell
    Conjugation
    Conjugation of -zima
    Positive present -nazima
    Subjunctive -zime
    Negative -zimi
    Imperative singular zima
    Infinitives
    Positive kuzima
    Negative kutozima
    Imperatives
    Singular zima
    Plural zimeni
    Tensed forms
    Habitual huzima
    Positive past positive subject concord + -lizima
    Negative past negative subject concord + -kuzima
    Positive present (positive subject concord + -nazima)
    Singular Plural
    1st person ninazima/nazima tunazima
    2nd person unazima mnazima
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) anazima wanazima
    other classes positive subject concord + -nazima
    Negative present (negative subject concord + -zimi)
    Singular Plural
    1st person sizimi hatuzimi
    2nd person huzimi hamzimi
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) hazimi hawazimi
    other classes negative subject concord + -zimi
    Positive future positive subject concord + -tazima
    Negative future negative subject concord + -tazima
    Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -zime)
    Singular Plural
    1st person nizime tuzime
    2nd person uzime mzime
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) azime wazime
    other classes positive subject concord + -zime
    Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sizime
    Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngezima
    Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singezima
    Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalizima
    Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalizima
    Gnomic (positive subject concord + -azima)
    Singular Plural
    1st person nazima twazima
    2nd person wazima mwazima
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) azima wazima
    m-mi(III/IV) wazima yazima
    ji-ma(V/VI) lazima yazima
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) chazima vyazima
    n(IX/X) yazima zazima
    u(XI) wazima see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) kwazima
    pa(XVI) pazima
    mu(XVIII) mwazima
    Perfect positive subject concord + -mezima
    "Already" positive subject concord + -meshazima
    "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jazima
    "If/When" positive subject concord + -kizima
    "If not" positive subject concord + -sipozima
    Consecutive kazima / positive subject concord + -kazima
    Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kazime
    Object concord (indicative positive)
    Singular Plural
    1st person -nizima -tuzima
    2nd person -kuzima -wazima/-kuzimeni/-wazimeni
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mzima -wazima
    m-mi(III/IV) -uzima -izima
    ji-ma(V/VI) -lizima -yazima
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kizima -vizima
    n(IX/X) -izima -zizima
    u(XI) -uzima see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) -kuzima
    pa(XVI) -pazima
    mu(XVIII) -muzima
    Reflexive -jizima
    Relative forms
    General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -zima- + relative marker)
    Singular Plural
    m-wa(I/II) -zimaye -zimao
    m-mi(III/IV) -zimao -zimayo
    ji-ma(V/VI) -zimalo -zimayo
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) -zimacho -zimavyo
    n(IX/X) -zimayo -zimazo
    u(XI) -zimao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) -zimako
    pa(XVI) -zimapo
    mu(XVIII) -zimamo
    Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -zima)
    Singular Plural
    m-wa(I/II) -yezima -ozima
    m-mi(III/IV) -ozima -yozima
    ji-ma(V/VI) -lozima -yozima
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chozima -vyozima
    n(IX/X) -yozima -zozima
    u(XI) -ozima see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) -kozima
    pa(XVI) -pozima
    mu(XVIII) -mozima
    Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
    Derived terms
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