wj
Egyptian
    
    Pronunciation
    
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /wi/
- Conventional anglicization: wi
 
Usage notes
    
This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:
- When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
- In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
- When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj, ntt, or jsṯ, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
- When it follows an imperative, it indicates the subject or the object of the verb.
- When it follows a particle like m.k, it indicates the subject of the clause.
- When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.
Inflection
    
Old Egyptian personal pronouns
| number | first person | second person | third person | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
| suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .k, .kj1 | .ṯ, .ṯn | .f, .fj1 | .s, .sj1 | 
| dual | .nj | .ṯnj | .snj | |||
| plural | .n | .ṯn | .sn | |||
| enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | w, wj, wy | kw, k, ṯw, ṯ | ṯm, ṯn | sw, s | s | 
| dual | — | ṯnj | snj | |||
| plural | n | ṯn | sn | |||
| stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk | ṯwt | ṯmt | swt | stt | 
| dual | — | — | ntsnj | |||
| plural | — | ntṯn | ntsn, jntsn | |||
| stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kj, .k | .tj, .t | ∅, .j | .tj, .t | |
| dual | — | .tjwn | .wy, .wj | .ty | ||
| plural | .wn, .nw | ∅, .w, .y, .wy | .tj, .t | |||
| 
 | ||||||
Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
| number | first person | second person | third person | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
| suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .k, .kj1 | .ṯ, .t | .f, .fj1 | .s, .sj1 | 
| dual2 | .nj | .ṯnj, .tnj | .snj | |||
| plural | .n | .ṯn, .tn | .sn, .w3 | |||
| enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | wj, w | ṯw, tw | ṯn, tn | sw, st | sj, s, st | 
| plural | n | ṯn, tn | sn, st | |||
| stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk | ntk, ṯwt2 | ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2 | ntf, swt2 | nts, swt2 | 
| plural | jnn3 | ntṯn, nttn | ntsn | |||
| stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kw | .tj, .t, .tw3 | ∅, .w | .tj, .t, .tw3 | |
| plural | .wn, .wjn | .tjwn, .tjwnj | ∅, .w, .y | |||
| proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3 | singular | tw.j | tw.k | tw.t | sw | sj, st | 
| plural | tw.n | tw.tn | st | |||
| 
 | ||||||
Late Egyptian personal pronouns
| number | first person | second person | third person | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
| suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .k, .kw | .t | .f, .fj | .s, .st, .sw | 
| plural | .n | .tn, .twn | .w, .sn1 | |||
| enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 | singular | wj | tw, tj | sw, st | ||
| plural | n, wn | twn | sn, st | |||
| stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk | mntk, mtwk | mntt, mtwy | mntf | mntst, mntjst | 
| plural | jnn | mnttn | mntw | |||
| stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 | singular | .kw, .k | .tj, .tw | ∅, .w, .y | .tj, .tw | |
| plural | .nw | .tn | ∅, .w, .y | |||
| unmarked (later) | ∅, .tw | |||||
| proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns | singular | tw.j | tw.k | tw.t | sw | st, sw | 
| plural | tw.n | tw.tn | st, sw, swt | |||
| 
 | ||||||
Alternative forms
    
This pronoun can also optionally be varied to indicate the identity of the antecedent — a distinction which would not have been indicated in speech, e.g.:
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wj  
| 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| male human | female human | god | god or king | king | king | dead human | 
In Late Egyptian, this pronoun is occasionally simply omitted from writing, much like the corresponding suffix pronoun .j.
Particle
    
| 
 | 
enclitic
- An admirative particle: How wonderful!
Inflection
    
Declension of wj (masculine)
| singular | wj | 
|---|---|
| dual | wjwj | 
| plural | wjw | 
References
    
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 51, 122.
- Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, pages 77–78
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 270, 270.12–271.7
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![G43 [w] w](../I/hiero_G43.png.webp)

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