winnen
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch winnen, from Old Dutch winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋɪ.nə(n)/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: win‧nen
- Rhymes: -ɪnən
Verb
winnen
Inflection
| Conjugation of winnen (strong class 3a) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | winnen | |||
| past singular | won | |||
| past participle | gewonnen | |||
| infinitive | winnen | |||
| gerund | winnen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | win | won | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | wint | won | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | wint | won | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | wint | wont | ||
| 3rd person singular | wint | won | ||
| plural | winnen | wonnen | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | winne | wonne | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | winnen | wonnen | ||
| imperative sing. | win | |||
| imperative plur.1 | wint | |||
| participles | winnend | gewonnen | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
Derived terms
Low German
Etymology 1
From Middle Low German winnen, from Old Saxon winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).
Compare Dutch winnen, German gewinnen, English win, Norwegian vinne, Swedish vinna.
Conjugation
| infinitive | winnen | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | preterite |
| 1st person singular | winn | wunn |
| 2nd person singular | winns(t) | wunns(t) |
| 3rd person singular | winn(t) | wunn |
| plural | winnt, winnen | wunnen |
| imperative | present | — |
| singular | winn | |
| plural | winnt | |
| participle | present | past |
| winnen | (e)wunnen, gewunnen | |
| Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. | ||
Etymology 2
From Middle Low German [Term?], from Old Saxon windan, from Proto-Germanic *windaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”). Compare German winden, Dutch winden, English wind.
Conjugation
| infinitive | winnen | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | preterite |
| 1st person singular | winn | wunn |
| 2nd person singular | winns(t) | wunns(t) |
| 3rd person singular | winn(t) | wunn |
| plural | winnt, winnen | wunnen |
| imperative | present | — |
| singular | winn | |
| plural | winnt | |
| participle | present | past |
| winnen | (e)wunnen, gewunnen | |
| Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. | ||
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From Middle High German wenen, from Old High German wennen, from Proto-Germanic *wanjaną. Cognate with German gewöhnen (with prefix ge-).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvinən/
- Rhymes: -inən
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).
Verb
winnen
Inflection
| Strong class 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | winnen | |
| 3rd sg. past | wan | |
| 3rd pl. past | wonnen | |
| Past participle | gewonnen | |
| Infinitive | winnen | |
| In genitive | winnens | |
| In dative | winnene | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | winne | wan |
| 2nd singular | wins, winnes | wons, wonnes |
| 3rd singular | wint, winnet | wan |
| 1st plural | winnen | wonnen |
| 2nd plural | wint, winnet | wont, wonnet |
| 3rd plural | winnen | wonnen |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | winne | wonne |
| 2nd singular | wins, winnes | wonnes |
| 3rd singular | winne | wonne |
| 1st plural | winnen | wonnen |
| 2nd plural | wint, winnet | wonnet |
| 3rd plural | winnen | wonnen |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | win, winne | |
| Plural | wint, winnet | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | winnende | gewonnen |
Descendants
Further reading
- “winnen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “winnen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old English winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną (“to labor; to win, gain; to fight, strive”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwinən/
Verb
winnen (third-person singular simple present winneth, present participle winnende, first-/third-person singular past indicative wan, past participle wonnen)
Conjugation
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
References
- “winnen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.