viima
See also: viimä
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *veedäk, from Proto-Uralic *wixe-. Cognates include Finnish viedä, Erzya виемс (vijems) and Hungarian visz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vˈiːmɑ/
Verb
viima (da-infinitive viia)
Conjugation
Conjugation of viima (ÕS type 38/käima, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | viin | ei vii | 1st sing. | olen viinud | ei ole viinud pole viinud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | viid | 2nd sing. | oled viinud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | viib | 3rd sing. | on viinud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | viime | 1st plur. | oleme viinud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | viite | 2nd plur. | olete viinud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | viivad | 3rd plur. | on viinud | ||||||
| passive | viiakse | ei viida | passive | on viidud | ei ole viidud pole viidud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | viisin | ei viinud | 1st sing. | olin viinud | ei olnud viinud polnud viinud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | viisid | 2nd sing. | olid viinud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | viis | 3rd sing. | oli viinud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | viisime | 1st plur. | olime viinud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | viisite | 2nd plur. | olite viinud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | viisid | 3rd plur. | oli viinud | ||||||
| passive | viidi | ei viidud | passive | oli viidud | ei olnud viidud polnud viidud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | viiksin | ei viiks | 1st sing. | viinuksin oleksin viinud |
ei viinuks ei oleks viinud poleks viinud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | viiksid | 2nd sing. | viinuksid oleksid viinud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | viiks | 3rd sing. | viinuks oleks viinud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | viiksime | 1st plur. | viinuksime oleksime viinud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | viiksite | 2nd plur. | viinuksite oleksite viinud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | viiksid | 3rd plur. | viinuksid oleksid viinud | ||||||
| passive | viidaks | ei viidaks | passive | oleks viidud | ei oleks viidud poleks viidud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | vii | ära vii | 2nd sing. | ole viinud | ära ole viinud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | viigu | ärgu viigu | 3rd sing. | olgu viinud | ärgu olgu viinud | ||||
| 1st plur. | viigem | ärme viime ärme vii ärgem viigem |
1st plur. | olgem viinud | ärme oleme viinud ärme ole viinud ärgem olgem viinud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | viige | ärge viige | 2nd plur. | olge viinud | ärge olge viinud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | viigu | ärgu viigu | 3rd plur. | olgu viinud | ärgu olgu viinud | ||||
| passive | viidagu | ärgu viidagu | passive | olgu viidud | ärgu olgu viidud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | viivat | ei viivat | active | olevat viinud | ei olevat viinud polevat viinud | ||||
| passive | viidavat | ei viidavat | passive | olevat viidud | ei olevat viidud polevat viidud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | viima | viidama | nominative | viia | olla viinud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | viies | olles viinud | |||||
| inessive | viimas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | viimast | present | viiv | viidav | |||||
| translative | viimaks | past | viinud | viidud | |||||
| abessive | viimata | negative | viimatu | — | |||||
Further reading
- “viima”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “viima”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
- viima in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
Finnish
Etymology
vii- + -ma. The root may be *vii- (“to cut”), the same as in viiltää (“to incise, slit”),[1] referring to a "sharp" wind (as can also be done in English), or it may be of onomatopoeic origin.[2] Related to Karelian viima.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋiːmɑ/, [ˈʋiːmɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -iːmɑ
- Syllabification(key): vii‧ma
Declension
| Inflection of viima (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | viima | viimat | ||
| genitive | viiman | viimojen | ||
| partitive | viimaa | viimoja | ||
| illative | viimaan | viimoihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | viima | viimat | ||
| accusative | nom. | viima | viimat | |
| gen. | viiman | |||
| genitive | viiman | viimojen viimainrare | ||
| partitive | viimaa | viimoja | ||
| inessive | viimassa | viimoissa | ||
| elative | viimasta | viimoista | ||
| illative | viimaan | viimoihin | ||
| adessive | viimalla | viimoilla | ||
| ablative | viimalta | viimoilta | ||
| allative | viimalle | viimoille | ||
| essive | viimana | viimoina | ||
| translative | viimaksi | viimoiksi | ||
| abessive | viimatta | viimoitta | ||
| instructive | — | viimoin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of viima (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Further reading
- “viima”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
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