vesa
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *vësa. Cognate to Estonian võsa, Ingrian vesa, Karelian vesa, Livonian võzā, Livvi veza, Ludian veza, Veps veza and Votic võsa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋesɑ/, [ˈʋe̞s̠ɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -esɑ
- Syllabification(key): ve‧sa
Noun
vesa
Declension
| Inflection of vesa (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | vesa | vesat | ||
| genitive | vesan | vesojen | ||
| partitive | vesaa | vesoja | ||
| illative | vesaan | vesoihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | vesa | vesat | ||
| accusative | nom. | vesa | vesat | |
| gen. | vesan | |||
| genitive | vesan | vesojen vesainrare | ||
| partitive | vesaa | vesoja | ||
| inessive | vesassa | vesoissa | ||
| elative | vesasta | vesoista | ||
| illative | vesaan | vesoihin | ||
| adessive | vesalla | vesoilla | ||
| ablative | vesalta | vesoilta | ||
| allative | vesalle | vesoille | ||
| essive | vesana | vesoina | ||
| translative | vesaksi | vesoiksi | ||
| abessive | vesatta | vesoitta | ||
| instructive | — | vesoin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of vesa (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms
Derived terms
Further reading
- “vesa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
Galician
Verb
vesa
- inflection of vesar:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋesɑ/, [ˈʋe̞s̠ɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋesɑ/, [ˈʋe̞ʒ̥ɑ]
- Rhymes: -esɑ
- Hyphenation: ve‧sa
Declension
| Declension of vesa (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | vesa | vesat |
| genitive | vesan | vessoin |
| partitive | vessaa | vesoja |
| illative | vessaa | vessoi |
| inessive | vesas | vesois |
| elative | vesast | vesoist |
| allative | vesalle | vesoille |
| adessive | vesal | vesoil |
| ablative | vesalt | vesoilt |
| translative | vesaks | vesoiks |
| essive | vesanna, vessaan | vesoinna, vessoin |
| exessive1) | vesant | vesoint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Derived terms
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 658
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-. Compare Latin Vesta (“goddess of the hearth”), Sanskrit वसति (vásati, “dwell”). Some forms are suppletive and instead derive from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Evolved to younger variant vera. The form est could be explained by the etymology which Prokosch and Noreen offer (the original second person singular es + -t from the analogy of preterite-present verbs and/or the accretion of the second person singular nominative personal pronoun). The resemblance of these forms to the present plural forms erum, eruð, eru is probably coincidence; the vowel /e/ of the Old Norse forms is better accounted for if these are descended from Proto-Germanic *izum etc. with Old Norse lowering of *i > e _*R (< *z).[1]
Declension
Conjugation of vesa — active (irregular, suppletive)
| infinitive | vesa | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | vesandi | |
| past participle | vesit | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | em | vas |
| 2nd-person singular | est | vast |
| 3rd-person singular | es | vas |
| 1st-person plural | erum | várum, vǫ́rum |
| 2nd-person plural | eruð | váruð, vǫ́ruð |
| 3rd-person plural | eru | váru, vǫ́ru |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | sjá, sé | væra |
| 2nd-person singular | sér | værir |
| 3rd-person singular | sé | væri |
| 1st-person plural | sém | værim |
| 2nd-person plural | séð, sét | værið |
| 3rd-person plural | sé | væri |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | ves | |
| 1st-person plural | - | |
| 2nd-person plural | vesið | |
References
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- “vesa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- E. Prokosch, A Comparative Germanic Grammar, 1939, The Linguistic Society of America for Yale University.
- A. Noreen, Geschichte der nordischen Sprachen, 1913, Trübner, Straßburg.
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