uhkua
Finnish
    
    
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ˈuhkuɑˣ/, [ˈuxkuɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -uhkuɑ
- Syllabification(key): uh‧ku‧a
Verb
    
uhkua
Conjugation
    
| Inflection of uhkua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | uhkun | en uhku | 1st sing. | olen uhkunut | en ole uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | uhkut | et uhku | 2nd sing. | olet uhkunut | et ole uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | uhkuu | ei uhku | 3rd sing. | on uhkunut | ei ole uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | uhkumme | emme uhku | 1st plur. | olemme uhkuneet | emme ole uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | uhkutte | ette uhku | 2nd plur. | olette uhkuneet | ette ole uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | uhkuvat | eivät uhku | 3rd plur. | ovat uhkuneet | eivät ole uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | uhkutaan | ei uhkuta | passive | on uhkuttu | ei ole uhkuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | uhkuin | en uhkunut | 1st sing. | olin uhkunut | en ollut uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | uhkuit | et uhkunut | 2nd sing. | olit uhkunut | et ollut uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | uhkui | ei uhkunut | 3rd sing. | oli uhkunut | ei ollut uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | uhkuimme | emme uhkuneet | 1st plur. | olimme uhkuneet | emme olleet uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | uhkuitte | ette uhkuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte uhkuneet | ette olleet uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | uhkuivat | eivät uhkuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat uhkuneet | eivät olleet uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | uhkuttiin | ei uhkuttu | passive | oli uhkuttu | ei ollut uhkuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | uhkuisin | en uhkuisi | 1st sing. | olisin uhkunut | en olisi uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | uhkuisit | et uhkuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit uhkunut | et olisi uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | uhkuisi | ei uhkuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi uhkunut | ei olisi uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | uhkuisimme | emme uhkuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme uhkuneet | emme olisi uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | uhkuisitte | ette uhkuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte uhkuneet | ette olisi uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | uhkuisivat | eivät uhkuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat uhkuneet | eivät olisi uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | uhkuttaisiin | ei uhkuttaisi | passive | olisi uhkuttu | ei olisi uhkuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | uhku | älä uhku | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | uhkukoon | älköön uhkuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon uhkunut | älköön olko uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | uhkukaamme | älkäämme uhkuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | uhkukaa | älkää uhkuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | uhkukoot | älkööt uhkuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot uhkuneet | älkööt olko uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | uhkuttakoon | älköön uhkuttako | passive | olkoon uhkuttu | älköön olko uhkuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | uhkunen | en uhkune | 1st sing. | lienen uhkunut | en liene uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | uhkunet | et uhkune | 2nd sing. | lienet uhkunut | et liene uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | uhkunee | ei uhkune | 3rd sing. | lienee uhkunut | ei liene uhkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | uhkunemme | emme uhkune | 1st plur. | lienemme uhkuneet | emme liene uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | uhkunette | ette uhkune | 2nd plur. | lienette uhkuneet | ette liene uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | uhkunevat | eivät uhkune | 3rd plur. | lienevät uhkuneet | eivät liene uhkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | uhkuttaneen | ei uhkuttane | passive | lienee uhkuttu | ei liene uhkuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | uhkua | present | uhkuva | uhkuttava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 | 
 | past | uhkunut | uhkuttu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | uhkuessa | uhkuttaessa | agent3 | uhkuma | ||||||||||||||||
| 
 | negative | uhkumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | uhkuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | uhkumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | uhkumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | uhkumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | uhkumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | uhkumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | uhkuman | uhkuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | uhkuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 | 
 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Further reading
    
- “uhkua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Ingrian
    
    
Pronunciation
    
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈuhkuɑ/, [ˈuxko̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈuhkuɑ/, [ˈuxkuɑ]
- Rhymes: -uhkoː, -uhkuɑ
- Hyphenation: uh‧ku‧a
Conjugation
    
| Conjugation of uhkua (type 1/ampua, k- gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | uhun | en uhu | 1st singular | oon uhkunt, oon uhkunut | en oo uhkunt, en oo uhkunut | 
| 2nd singular | uhut | et uhu | 2nd singular | oot uhkunt, oot uhkunut | et oo uhkunt, et oo uhkunut | 
| 3rd singular | uhkuu | ei uhu | 3rd singular | ono uhkunt, ono uhkunut | ei oo uhkunt, ei oo uhkunut | 
| 1st plural | uhumma | emmä uhu | 1st plural | oomma uhkuneet | emmä oo uhkuneet | 
| 2nd plural | uhutta | että uhu | 2nd plural | ootta uhkuneet | että oo uhkuneet | 
| 3rd plural | uhkuut1), uhkuvat2), uhutaa | evät uhu, ei uhuta | 3rd plural | ovat uhkuneet | evät oo uhkuneet, ei oo uhuttu | 
| impersonal | uhutaa | ei uhuta | impersonal | ono uhuttu | ei oo uhuttu | 
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | uhuin | en uhkunt, en uhkunut | 1st singular | olin uhkunt, olin uhkunut | en olt uhkunt, en olt uhkunut | 
| 2nd singular | uhuit | et uhkunt, et uhkunut | 2nd singular | olit uhkunt, olit uhkunut | et olt uhkunt, et olt uhkunut | 
| 3rd singular | uhkui | ei uhkunt, ei uhkunut | 3rd singular | oli uhkunt, oli uhkunut | ei olt uhkunt, ei olt uhkunut | 
| 1st plural | uhuimma | emmä uhkuneet | 1st plural | olimma uhkuneet | emmä olleet uhkuneet | 
| 2nd plural | uhuitta | että uhkuneet | 2nd plural | olitta uhkuneet | että olleet uhkuneet | 
| 3rd plural | uhkuit1), uhkuivat2), uhuttii | evät uhkuneet, ei uhuttu | 3rd plural | olivat uhkuneet | evät olleet uhkuneet, ei olt uhuttu | 
| impersonal | uhuttii | ei uhuttu | impersonal | oli uhuttu | ei olt uhuttu | 
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | uhkuisin | en uhkuis | 1st singular | olisin uhkunt, olisin uhkunut | en olis uhkunt, en olis uhkunut | 
| 2nd singular | uhkuisit, uhkuist1) | et uhkuis | 2nd singular | olisit uhkunt, olisit uhkunut | et olis uhkunt, et olis uhkunut | 
| 3rd singular | uhkuis | ei uhkuis | 3rd singular | olis uhkunt, olis uhkunut | ei olis uhkunt, ei olis uhkunut | 
| 1st plural | uhkuisimma | emmä uhkuis | 1st plural | olisimma uhkuneet | emmä olis uhkuneet | 
| 2nd plural | uhkuisitta | että uhkuis | 2nd plural | olisitta uhkuneet | että olis uhkuneet | 
| 3rd plural | uhkuisiit1), uhkuisivat2), uhuttais | evät uhkuis, ei uhuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat uhkuneet | evät olis uhkuneet, ei olis uhuttu | 
| impersonal | uhuttais | ei uhuttais | impersonal | olis uhuttu | ei olis uhuttu | 
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — | 
| 2nd singular | uhu | elä uhu | 2nd singular | oo uhkunt, oo uhkunut | elä oo uhkunt, elä oo uhkunut | 
| 3rd singular | uhkukoo | elköö uhkuko | 3rd singular | olkoo uhkunt, olkoo uhkunut | elköö olko uhkunt, elköö olko uhkunut | 
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — | 
| 2nd plural | uhkukaa | elkää uhkuko | 2nd plural | olkaa uhkuneet | elkää olko uhkuneet | 
| 3rd plural | uhkukoot | elkööt uhkuko, elköö uhuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot uhkuneet | elkööt olko uhkuneet, elköö olko uhuttu | 
| impersonal | uhuttakkoo | elköö uhuttako | impersonal | olkoo uhuttu | elköö olko uhuttu | 
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | uhkunen | en uhkune | |||
| 2nd singular | uhkunet | et uhkune | |||
| 3rd singular | uhkunoo | ei uhkune | |||
| 1st plural | uhkunemma | emmä uhkune | |||
| 2nd plural | uhkunetta | että uhkune | |||
| 3rd plural | uhkunoot | evät uhkune, ei uhuttane | |||
| impersonal | uhuttannoo | ei uhuttane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | uhkua | present | uhkuva | uhuttava | |
| 2nd | inessive | uhkujees | past | uhkunt, uhkunut | uhuttu | 
| instructive | uhkuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (uhkukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | uhkumaa | |||
| inessive | uhkumaas | ||||
| elative | uhkumast | ||||
| abessive | uhkumata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | uhkumiin | |||
| partitive | uhkumista, uhkumist | ||||
References
    
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 621
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