tystiolaethu
Welsh
Etymology
From tystiolaeth (“evidence, proof; testimony”) + -u.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /təsdjɔˈlaːɨ̯θɨ̞/, /təsdjɔˈleɨ̯θɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /təsdjɔˈlai̯θɪ/, /təsdjɔˈlei̯θɪ/
Verb
tystiolaethu (first-person singular present tystiolaethaf)
- to testify, to bear witness
- Synonym: tystio
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | tystiolaethaf | tystiolaethi | tystiolaetha | tystiolaethwn | tystiolaethwch | tystiolaethant | tystiolaethir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
tystiolaethwn | tystiolaethit | tystiolaethai | tystiolaethem | tystiolaethech | tystiolaethent | tystiolaethid | |
| preterite | tystiolaethais | tystiolaethaist | tystiolaethodd | tystiolaethasom | tystiolaethasoch | tystiolaethasant | tystiolaethwyd | |
| pluperfect | tystiolaethaswn | tystiolaethasit | tystiolaethasai | tystiolaethasem | tystiolaethasech | tystiolaethasent | tystiolaethasid, tystiolaethesid | |
| present subjunctive | tystiolaethwyf | tystiolaethych | tystiolaetho | tystiolaethom | tystiolaethoch | tystiolaethont | tystiolaether | |
| imperative | — | tystiolaetha | tystiolaethed | tystiolaethwn | tystiolaethwch | tystiolaethent | tystiolaether | |
| verbal noun | tystiolaethu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | tystiolaethedig tystiolaethadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | tystiolaetha i, tystiolaethaf i | tystiolaethi di | tystiolaethith o/e/hi, tystiolaethiff e/hi | tystiolaethwn ni | tystiolaethwch chi | tystiolaethan nhw |
| conditional | tystiolaethwn i, tystiolaethswn i | tystiolaethet ti, tystiolaethset ti | tystiolaethai fo/fe/hi, tystiolaethsai fo/fe/hi | tystiolaethen ni, tystiolaethsen ni | tystiolaethech chi, tystiolaethsech chi | tystiolaethen nhw, tystiolaethsen nhw |
| preterite | tystiolaethais i, tystiolaethes i | tystiolaethaist ti, tystiolaethest ti | tystiolaethodd o/e/hi | tystiolaethon ni | tystiolaethoch chi | tystiolaethon nhw |
| imperative | — | tystiolaetha | — | — | tystiolaethwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| tystiolaethu | dystiolaethu | nhystiolaethu | thystiolaethu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tystiolaethu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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