turbar

Portuguese

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /tuʁˈba(ʁ)/ [tuɦˈba(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /tuɾˈba(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /tuʁˈba(ʁ)/ [tuʁˈba(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /tuɻˈba(ɻ)/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /tuɾˈbaɾ/ [tuɾˈβaɾ]
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /tuɾˈba.ɾi/ [tuɾˈβa.ɾi]

  • Hyphenation: tur‧bar

Verb

turbar (first-person singular present turbo, first-person singular preterite turbei, past participle turbado)

  1. Alternative form of turvar

Conjugation
    Conjugation of turbar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal turbar
Personal turbar turbares turbar turbarmos turbardes turbarem
Gerund
turbando
Past participle
Masculine turbado turbados
Feminine turbada turbadas
Indicative
Present turbo turbas turba turbamos turbais turbam
Imperfect turbava turbavas turbava turbávamos turbáveis turbavam
Preterite turbei turbaste turbou turbamos1, turbámos2 turbastes turbaram
Pluperfect turbara turbaras turbara turbáramos turbáreis turbaram
Future turbarei turbarás turbará turbaremos turbareis turbarão
Conditional turbaria turbarias turbaria turbaríamos turbaríeis turbariam
Subjunctive
Present turbe turbes turbe turbemos turbeis turbem
Imperfect turbasse turbasses turbasse turbássemos turbásseis turbassem
Future turbar turbares turbar turbarmos turbardes turbarem
Imperative
Affirmative turba turbe turbemos turbai turbem
Negative (não) não turbes não turbe não turbemos não turbeis não turbem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish turbar, probably a borrowing from Latin turbāre.[1] Compare estorbar.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /tuɾˈbaɾ/ [t̪uɾˈβ̞aɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: tur‧bar

Verb

turbar (first-person singular present turbo, first-person singular preterite turbé, past participle turbado)

  1. (transitive) to confuse, cloud
    Synonym: enturbiar
  2. (transitive) to disturb, disrupt

Conjugation
    Conjugation of turbar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive turbar
gerund turbando
past participle masculine feminine
singular turbado turbada
plural turbados turbadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present turbo turbastú
turbásvos		 turba turbamos turbáis turban
imperfect turbaba turbabas turbaba turbábamos turbabais turbaban
preterite turbé turbaste turbó turbamos turbasteis turbaron
future turbaré turbarás turbará turbaremos turbaréis turbarán
conditional turbaría turbarías turbaría turbaríamos turbaríais turbarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present turbe turbestú
turbésvos2		 turbe turbemos turbéis turben
imperfect
(ra)		 turbara turbaras turbara turbáramos turbarais turbaran
imperfect
(se)		 turbase turbases turbase turbásemos turbaseis turbasen
future1 turbare turbares turbare turbáremos turbareis turbaren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative turbatú
turbávos		 turbe turbemos turbad turben
negative no turbes no turbe no turbemos no turbéis no turben

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of turbar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive turbar
dative turbarme turbarte turbarle, turbarse turbarnos turbaros turbarles, turbarse
accusative turbarme turbarte turbarlo, turbarla, turbarse turbarnos turbaros turbarlos, turbarlas, turbarse
with gerund turbando
dative turbándome turbándote turbándole, turbándose turbándonos turbándoos turbándoles, turbándose
accusative turbándome turbándote turbándolo, turbándola, turbándose turbándonos turbándoos turbándolos, turbándolas, turbándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative turba
dative túrbame túrbate túrbale túrbanos not used túrbales
accusative túrbame túrbate túrbalo, túrbala túrbanos not used túrbalos, túrbalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative turbá
dative turbame turbate turbale turbanos not used turbales
accusative turbame turbate turbalo, turbala turbanos not used turbalos, turbalas
with formal second-person singular imperative turbe
dative túrbeme not used túrbele, túrbese túrbenos not used túrbeles
accusative túrbeme not used túrbelo, túrbela, túrbese túrbenos not used túrbelos, túrbelas
with first-person plural imperative turbemos
dative not used turbémoste turbémosle turbémonos turbémoos turbémosles
accusative not used turbémoste turbémoslo, turbémosla turbémonos turbémoos turbémoslos, turbémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative turbad
dative turbadme not used turbadle turbadnos turbaos turbadles
accusative turbadme not used turbadlo, turbadla turbadnos turbaos turbadlos, turbadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative turben
dative túrbenme not used túrbenle túrbennos not used túrbenles, túrbense
accusative túrbenme not used túrbenlo, túrbenla túrbennos not used túrbenlos, túrbenlas, túrbense

References
  1. Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Further reading
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