traire
French
    
    Etymology
    
Inherited from Old French traire, treire (“to pull”), from Early Medieval Latin tragō, from Latin trahere (“to pull”), from Proto-Indo-European *tragʰ- (“to draw, drag”).
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /tʁɛʁ/
- Rhymes: -ɛʁ
- audio - (file) 
Conjugation
    
This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -tray- root: *je trayis, *que nous trayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -trais- was used instead of -tray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.
| infinitive | simple | traire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | trayant /tʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /tʁe.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | trait /tʁɛ/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | trais /tʁɛ/ | trais /tʁɛ/ | trait /tʁɛ/ | trayons /tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /tʁe.jɔ̃/ | trayez /tʁɛ.je/ or /tʁe.je/ | traient /tʁɛ/ | 
| imperfect | trayais /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/ | trayais /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/ | trayait /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/ | trayions /tʁɛj.jɔ̃/ | trayiez /tʁɛj.je/ | trayaient /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | trayai /tʁɛe/ | trayas /tʁɛa/ | traya /tʁɛa/ | trayâmes /tʁɛam/ | trayâtes /tʁɛat/ | trayèrent /tʁɛɛʁ/ | |
| future | trairai /tʁɛ.ʁe/ or /tʁe.ʁe/ | trairas /tʁɛ.ʁa/ or /tʁe.ʁa/ | traira /tʁɛ.ʁa/ or /tʁe.ʁa/ | trairons /tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /tʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | trairez /tʁɛ.ʁe/ or /tʁe.ʁe/ | trairont /tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /tʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | trairais /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/ | trairais /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/ | trairait /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/ | trairions /tʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /tʁe.ʁjɔ̃/ | trairiez /tʁɛ.ʁje/ or /tʁe.ʁje/ | trairaient /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | traie /tʁɛ/ | traies /tʁɛ/ | traie /tʁɛ/ | trayions /tʁɛj.jɔ̃/ | trayiez /tʁɛj.je/ | traient /tʁɛ/ | 
| imperfect2 | trayasse /tʁɛas/ | trayasses /tʁɛas/ | trayât /tʁɛa/ | trayassions /tʁɛa.sjɔ̃/ | trayassiez /tʁɛa.sje/ | trayassent /tʁɛas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | trais /tʁɛ/ | — | trayons /tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /tʁe.jɔ̃/ | trayez /tʁɛ.je/ or /tʁe.je/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: 
 (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
    
- “traire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
    
    Etymology
    
From Old French traire.
Verb
    
traire
- to fire (an arrow)
- c. 1369, Jean Froissart, Chroniques:- arbalestriers commencierent a traire sur le chastel- [the] crossbowmen started to fire at the castle
 
 
 
Descendants
    
- French: traire
Norman
    
    Etymology
    
From Old French traire, from Early Medieval Latin tragō Latin trahō (“I pull”).
Conjugation
    
 Conjugation of the verb « traire » in Norman
 Conjugation of the verb « traire » in Norman| infinitive | traire | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | trayant | ||||||
| auxiliary | aveir1 | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | trait | traite | |||||
| plural | traits | traites | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | je (j') | tu (t') | il, alle, nos | je (nos) | vos | il, alles | |
| present | trais | trais | trait | trayoms | trayez | traient | |
| imperfect | trayeis | trayeis | trayeit | trayioms | trayiez | trayeient | |
| preterite | trayis | trayis | trayit | trayîmes | trayîtes | trayîtrent | |
| future | trairai | trairas | traira | trairoms | trairez | trairont | |
| conditional | traireis | traireis | traireit | trairioms | trairiez | traireient | |
| subjunctive | que je (j') | que te (t') | qu'il, qu'alle, que nos | que je (que nos) | que vos | qu'il, qu'alles | |
| present | traie | traies | traie | trayioms | trayiez | traient | |
| imperfect | trayisse | trayisses | trayît trayisse | trayissioms | trayissiez | trayissent | |
| imperative | — | tu | — | je (nos) | vos | — | |
| trais | trayoms | trayez | |||||
| 1Used with past participles. | |||||||
Occitan
    
    Etymology
    
From Old Occitan traire, from Early Medieval Latin tragō, from Latin trahere (“to drag, extract, trail”).
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ˈtɾaj.ɾe/
- Audio - (file) 
Old French
    
    
Etymology
    
From Early Medieval Latin tragō, from Classical Latin trahō (“I pull”).
Verb
    
traire
- to pull
- (chiefly of a weapon) to draw; to unsheathe
- to pull out (extract by pulling); to remove (by pulling)
- c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 164, line 1980:- Un anel d'or trait de sun dei- she removed a gold ring from her finger
 
 
- c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:- A plusurs fist traire les denz- For many, he pulled out their teeth
 
 
 
Conjugation
    
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | traire | avoir trait | |||||
| gerund | en traiant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | traiant | ||||||
| past participle | trait | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | trai | trais | trait | traions | traiiez, traites | traient | 
| imperfect | traioie, traieie | traioies, traieies | traioit, traieit | traiiiens, traiiens | traiiiez, traiiez | traioient, traieient | |
| preterite | trais | traisis | traist | traisimes | traisistes | traistrent | |
| future | trairai | trairas | traira | trairons | trairoiz, traireiz, trairez | trairont | |
| conditional | trairoie, traireie | trairoies, traireies | trairoit, traireit | trairiiens, trairiens | trairiiez, trairiez | trairoient, traireient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | traie | traies | traie | traiiens, traions | traiiez | traient | 
| imperfect | traisisse | traisisses | traisist | traisissons, traisissiens | traisissoiz, traisissez, traisissiez | traisissent | |
| compound tenses | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | trai | — | traions | traiiez | — | ||
Old Occitan
    
    Etymology
    
From Early Medieval Latin tragō, from Classical Latin trahō (“I pull”).
Descendants
    
- Occitan: traire
References
    
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “trahere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 13: To–Tyrus, page 177