surveiller

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French surveillier. By surface analysis, sur- +‎ veiller, corresponding to Latin super (“on top of”) + vigilō (“to watch”). Cognate with English surveil.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /syʁ.vɛ.je/, /syʁ.ve.je/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

surveiller

  1. (espionage) to monitor, to survey, to watch

Conjugation
Conjugation of surveiller (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple surveiller
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple surveillant
/syʁ.vɛ.jɑ̃/ or /syʁ.ve.jɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle surveillé
/syʁ.vɛ.je/ or /syʁ.ve.je/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present surveille
/syʁ.vɛj/		 surveilles
/syʁ.vɛj/		 surveille
/syʁ.vɛj/		 surveillons
/syʁ.vɛ.jɔ̃/ or /syʁ.ve.jɔ̃/		 surveillez
/syʁ.vɛ.je/ or /syʁ.ve.je/		 surveillent
/syʁ.vɛj/
imperfect surveillais
/syʁ.vɛ.jɛ/ or /syʁ.ve.jɛ/		 surveillais
/syʁ.vɛ.jɛ/ or /syʁ.ve.jɛ/		 surveillait
/syʁ.vɛ.jɛ/ or /syʁ.ve.jɛ/		 surveillions
/syʁ.vɛj.jɔ̃/		 surveilliez
/syʁ.vɛj.je/		 surveillaient
/syʁ.vɛ.jɛ/ or /syʁ.ve.jɛ/
past historic2 surveillai
/syʁ.vɛ.je/ or /syʁ.ve.je/		 surveillas
/syʁ.vɛ.ja/ or /syʁ.ve.ja/		 surveilla
/syʁ.vɛ.ja/ or /syʁ.ve.ja/		 surveillâmes
/syʁ.vɛ.jam/ or /syʁ.ve.jam/		 surveillâtes
/syʁ.vɛ.jat/ or /syʁ.ve.jat/		 surveillèrent
/syʁ.vɛ.jɛʁ/ or /syʁ.ve.jɛʁ/
future surveillerai
/syʁ.vɛj.ʁe/		 surveilleras
/syʁ.vɛj.ʁa/		 surveillera
/syʁ.vɛj.ʁa/		 surveillerons
/syʁ.vɛj.ʁɔ̃/		 surveillerez
/syʁ.vɛj.ʁe/		 surveilleront
/syʁ.vɛj.ʁɔ̃/
conditional surveillerais
/syʁ.vɛj.ʁɛ/		 surveillerais
/syʁ.vɛj.ʁɛ/		 surveillerait
/syʁ.vɛj.ʁɛ/		 surveillerions
/syʁ.vɛ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /syʁ.ve.jə.ʁjɔ̃/		 surveilleriez
/syʁ.vɛ.jə.ʁje/ or /syʁ.ve.jə.ʁje/		 surveilleraient
/syʁ.vɛj.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present surveille
/syʁ.vɛj/		 surveilles
/syʁ.vɛj/		 surveille
/syʁ.vɛj/		 surveillions
/syʁ.vɛj.jɔ̃/		 surveilliez
/syʁ.vɛj.je/		 surveillent
/syʁ.vɛj/
imperfect2 surveillasse
/syʁ.vɛ.jas/ or /syʁ.ve.jas/		 surveillasses
/syʁ.vɛ.jas/ or /syʁ.ve.jas/		 surveillât
/syʁ.vɛ.ja/ or /syʁ.ve.ja/		 surveillassions
/syʁ.vɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ or /syʁ.ve.ja.sjɔ̃/		 surveillassiez
/syʁ.vɛ.ja.sje/ or /syʁ.ve.ja.sje/		 surveillassent
/syʁ.vɛ.jas/ or /syʁ.ve.jas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — surveille
/syʁ.vɛj/		 — surveillons
/syʁ.vɛ.jɔ̃/ or /syʁ.ve.jɔ̃/		 surveillez
/syʁ.vɛ.je/ or /syʁ.ve.je/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Old French

Verb

surveiller

  1. Alternative form of surveillier

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-eill, *-eills, *-eillt are modified to eil, euz, eut. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of surveiller (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive surveiller avoir surveillé
gerund en surveillant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle surveillant
past participle surveillé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present surveil surveilles surveille surveillons surveillez surveillent
imperfect surveilloie, surveilleie, surveilloe, surveilleve surveilloies, surveilleies, surveilloes, surveilleves surveilloit, surveilleit, surveillot, surveilleve surveilliiens, surveilliens surveilliiez, surveilliez surveilloient, surveilleient, surveilloent, surveillevent
preterite surveillai surveillas surveilla surveillames surveillastes surveillerent
future surveillerai surveilleras surveillera surveillerons surveilleroiz, surveillereiz, surveillerez surveilleront
conditional surveilleroie, surveillereie surveilleroies, surveillereies surveilleroit, surveillereit surveilleriiens, surveilleriens surveilleriiez, surveilleriez surveilleroient, surveillereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present surveil surveuz surveut surveillons surveillez surveillent
imperfect surveillasse surveillasses surveillast surveillissons, surveillissiens surveillissoiz, surveillissez, surveillissiez surveillassent
compound
tenses		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— surveille — surveillons surveillez —
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