sspd

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ spd (“to be sharp”).

Pronunciation

Verb
ssp
d		 M44Y1

 caus. 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to sharpen
  2. (transitive) to make ready, to prepare
  3. (transitive) to supply (+ m: with)

Inflection
Conjugation of sspd (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sspd
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sspd
 sspdw, sspd
 sspdt
 sspd
 sspd
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sspd
 ḥr sspd
 m sspd
 r sspd
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sspd.n
 sspdw, sspd
 consecutive sspd.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sspdt
perfective3 sspd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 sspd.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sspd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sspdw, sspd, sspdy
 sspdw, sspd, sspdy
 potentialis1 sspd.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sspd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sspd.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective sspd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sspd
 sspd, sspdw5, sspdy5
imperfective sspd, sspdy, sspdw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sspd, sspdj6, sspdy6
 sspd, sspdw5
prospective sspd, sspdtj7
 — sspdwtj1 4, sspdtj4, sspdt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sspd  
ssM44Y1
sspd

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 185, 357.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 163
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