shutumu

Swahili

Alternative forms

Etymology

Probably from Arabic شَتَمَ‎ (šatama, “to berate, insult, curse”).

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-shutumu (infinitive kushutumu)

  1. to accuse
  2. to denounce (to criticize or speak out against), reproach

Conjugation
Conjugation of -shutumu
Positive present -nashutumu
Subjunctive -shutumu
Negative -shutumu
Imperative singular shutumu
Infinitives
Positive kushutumu
Negative kutoshutumu
Imperatives
Singular shutumu
Plural shutumuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushutumu
Positive past positive subject concord + -lishutumu
Negative past negative subject concord + -kushutumu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashutumu)
Singular Plural
1st person ninashutumu/nashutumu tunashutumu
2nd person unashutumu mnashutumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashutumu wanashutumu
other classes positive subject concord + -nashutumu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shutumu)
Singular Plural
1st person sishutumu hatushutumu
2nd person hushutumu hamshutumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashutumu hawashutumu
other classes negative subject concord + -shutumu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashutumu
Negative future negative subject concord + -tashutumu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shutumu)
Singular Plural
1st person nishutumu tushutumu
2nd person ushutumu mshutumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashutumu washutumu
other classes positive subject concord + -shutumu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishutumu
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshutumu
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshutumu
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishutumu
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishutumu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashutumu)
Singular Plural
1st person nashutumu twashutumu
2nd person washutumu mwashutumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashutumu washutumu
m-mi(III/IV) washutumu yashutumu
ji-ma(V/VI) lashutumu yashutumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashutumu vyashutumu
n(IX/X) yashutumu zashutumu
u(XI) washutumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwashutumu
pa(XVI) pashutumu
mu(XVIII) mwashutumu
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshutumu
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshashutumu
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashutumu
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kishutumu
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposhutumu
Consecutive kashutumu / positive subject concord + -kashutumu
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashutumu
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nishutumu -tushutumu
2nd person -kushutumu -washutumu/-kushutumuni/-washutumuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshutumu -washutumu
m-mi(III/IV) -ushutumu -ishutumu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lishutumu -yashutumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishutumu -vishutumu
n(IX/X) -ishutumu -zishutumu
u(XI) -ushutumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kushutumu
pa(XVI) -pashutumu
mu(XVIII) -mushutumu
Reflexive -jishutumu
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shutumu- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -shutumuye -shutumuo
m-mi(III/IV) -shutumuo -shutumuyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -shutumulo -shutumuyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shutumucho -shutumuvyo
n(IX/X) -shutumuyo -shutumuzo
u(XI) -shutumuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -shutumuko
pa(XVI) -shutumupo
mu(XVIII) -shutumumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shutumu)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeshutumu -oshutumu
m-mi(III/IV) -oshutumu -yoshutumu
ji-ma(V/VI) -loshutumu -yoshutumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshutumu -vyoshutumu
n(IX/X) -yoshutumu -zoshutumu
u(XI) -oshutumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koshutumu
pa(XVI) -poshutumu
mu(XVIII) -moshutumu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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