shiya
See also: shîya
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-tíga.
Verb
-shîya
Inflection
| Tone HH | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | ukushiya | ||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| Infinitive | ukushiya | ukungashiyi | |||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
| Singular | shiya | -shiye | |||||||
| Plural | shiyani | -shiyeni | |||||||
| Present | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiyashiya, ngishiya | engishiyayo, engishiya | ngishiya | angishiyi | engingashiyi | ngingashiyi | |||
| 2nd singular | uyashiya, ushiya | oshiyayo, oshiya | ushiya | awushiyi | ongashiyi | ungashiyi | |||
| 1st plural | siyashiya, sishiya | esishiyayo, esishiya | sishiya | asishiyi | esingashiyi | singashiyi | |||
| 2nd plural | niyashiya, nishiya | enishiyayo, enishiya | nishiya | anishiyi | eningashiyi | ningashiyi | |||
| Class 1 | uyashiya, ushiya | oshiyayo, oshiya | eshiya | akashiyi | ongashiyi | engashiyi | |||
| Class 2 | bayashiya, bashiya | abashiyayo, abashiya | beshiya | abashiyi | abangashiyi | bengashiyi | |||
| Class 3 | uyashiya, ushiya | oshiyayo, oshiya | ushiya | awushiyi | ongashiyi | ungashiyi | |||
| Class 4 | iyashiya, ishiya | eshiyayo, eshiya | ishiya | ayishiyi | engashiyi | ingashiyi | |||
| Class 5 | liyashiya, lishiya | elishiyayo, elishiya | lishiya | alishiyi | elingashiyi | lingashiyi | |||
| Class 6 | ayashiya, ashiya | ashiyayo, ashiya | eshiya | awashiyi | angashiyi | engashiyi | |||
| Class 7 | siyashiya, sishiya | esishiyayo, esishiya | sishiya | asishiyi | esingashiyi | singashiyi | |||
| Class 8 | ziyashiya, zishiya | ezishiyayo, ezishiya | zishiya | azishiyi | ezingashiyi | zingashiyi | |||
| Class 9 | iyashiya, ishiya | eshiyayo, eshiya | ishiya | ayishiyi | engashiyi | ingashiyi | |||
| Class 10 | ziyashiya, zishiya | ezishiyayo, ezishiya | zishiya | azishiyi | ezingashiyi | zingashiyi | |||
| Class 11 | luyashiya, lushiya | olushiyayo, olushiya | lushiya | alushiyi | olungashiyi | lungashiyi | |||
| Class 14 | buyashiya, bushiya | obushiyayo, obushiya | bushiya | abushiyi | obungashiyi | bungashiyi | |||
| Class 15 | kuyashiya, kushiya | okushiyayo, okushiya | kushiya | akushiyi | okungashiyi | kungashiyi | |||
| Class 17 | kuyashiya, kushiya | okushiyayo, okushiya | kushiya | akushiyi | okungashiyi | kungashiyi | |||
| Recent past | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngishiyile, ngishiyē | engishiyile, engishiyē | ngishiyile, ngishiyē | angishiyanga | engingashiyanga | ngingashiyanga | |||
| 2nd singular | ushiyile, ushiyē | oshiyile, oshiyē | ushiyile, ushiyē | awushiyanga | ongashiyanga | ungashiyanga | |||
| 1st plural | sishiyile, sishiyē | esishiyile, esishiyē | sishiyile, sishiyē | asishiyanga | esingashiyanga | singashiyanga | |||
| 2nd plural | nishiyile, nishiyē | enishiyile, enishiyē | nishiyile, nishiyē | anishiyanga | eningashiyanga | ningashiyanga | |||
| Class 1 | ushiyile, ushiyē | oshiyile, oshiyē | eshiyile, eshiyē | akashiyanga | ongashiyanga | engashiyanga | |||
| Class 2 | bashiyile, bashiyē | abashiyile, abashiyē | beshiyile, beshiyē | abashiyanga | abangashiyanga | bengashiyanga | |||
| Class 3 | ushiyile, ushiyē | oshiyile, oshiyē | ushiyile, ushiyē | awushiyanga | ongashiyanga | ungashiyanga | |||
| Class 4 | ishiyile, ishiyē | eshiyile, eshiyē | ishiyile, ishiyē | ayishiyanga | engashiyanga | ingashiyanga | |||
| Class 5 | lishiyile, lishiyē | elishiyile, elishiyē | lishiyile, lishiyē | alishiyanga | elingashiyanga | lingashiyanga | |||
| Class 6 | ashiyile, ashiyē | ashiyile, ashiyē | eshiyile, eshiyē | awashiyanga | angashiyanga | engashiyanga | |||
| Class 7 | sishiyile, sishiyē | esishiyile, esishiyē | sishiyile, sishiyē | asishiyanga | esingashiyanga | singashiyanga | |||
| Class 8 | zishiyile, zishiyē | ezishiyile, ezishiyē | zishiyile, zishiyē | azishiyanga | ezingashiyanga | zingashiyanga | |||
| Class 9 | ishiyile, ishiyē | eshiyile, eshiyē | ishiyile, ishiyē | ayishiyanga | engashiyanga | ingashiyanga | |||
| Class 10 | zishiyile, zishiyē | ezishiyile, ezishiyē | zishiyile, zishiyē | azishiyanga | ezingashiyanga | zingashiyanga | |||
| Class 11 | lushiyile, lushiyē | olushiyile, olushiyē | lushiyile, lushiyē | alushiyanga | olungashiyanga | lungashiyanga | |||
| Class 14 | bushiyile, bushiyē | obushiyile, obushiyē | bushiyile, bushiyē | abushiyanga | obungashiyanga | bungashiyanga | |||
| Class 15 | kushiyile, kushiyē | okushiyile, okushiyē | kushiyile, kushiyē | akushiyanga | okungashiyanga | kungashiyanga | |||
| Class 17 | kushiyile, kushiyē | okushiyile, okushiyē | kushiyile, kushiyē | akushiyanga | okungashiyanga | kungashiyanga | |||
| Remote past | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngāshiya | engāshiya | ngāshiya | angishiyanga | engingashiyanga | ngingashiyanga | |||
| 2nd singular | wāshiya | owāshiya | wāshiya | awushiyanga | ongashiyanga | ungashiyanga | |||
| 1st plural | sāshiya | esāshiya | sāshiya | asishiyanga | esingashiyanga | singashiyanga | |||
| 2nd plural | nāshiya | enāshiya | nāshiya | anishiyanga | eningashiyanga | ningashiyanga | |||
| Class 1 | wāshiya | owāshiya | āshiya | akashiyanga | ongashiyanga | engashiyanga | |||
| Class 2 | bāshiya | abāshiya | bāshiya | abashiyanga | abangashiyanga | bengashiyanga | |||
| Class 3 | wāshiya | owāshiya | wāshiya | awushiyanga | ongashiyanga | ungashiyanga | |||
| Class 4 | yāshiya | eyāshiya | yāshiya | ayishiyanga | engashiyanga | ingashiyanga | |||
| Class 5 | lāshiya | elāshiya | lāshiya | alishiyanga | elingashiyanga | lingashiyanga | |||
| Class 6 | āshiya | āshiya | āshiya | awashiyanga | angashiyanga | engashiyanga | |||
| Class 7 | sāshiya | esāshiya | sāshiya | asishiyanga | esingashiyanga | singashiyanga | |||
| Class 8 | zāshiya | ezāshiya | zāshiya | azishiyanga | ezingashiyanga | zingashiyanga | |||
| Class 9 | yāshiya | eyāshiya | yāshiya | ayishiyanga | engashiyanga | ingashiyanga | |||
| Class 10 | zāshiya | ezāshiya | zāshiya | azishiyanga | ezingashiyanga | zingashiyanga | |||
| Class 11 | lwāshiya | olwāshiya | lwāshiya | alushiyanga | olungashiyanga | lungashiyanga | |||
| Class 14 | bāshiya | obāshiya | bāshiya | abushiyanga | obungashiyanga | bungashiyanga | |||
| Class 15 | kwāshiya | okwāshiya | kwāshiya | akushiyanga | okungashiyanga | kungashiyanga | |||
| Class 17 | kwāshiya | okwāshiya | kwāshiya | akushiyanga | okungashiyanga | kungashiyanga | |||
| Potential | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngingashiya | — | ngingashiya | ngingeshiye | — | ngingeshiye | |||
| 2nd singular | ungashiya | — | ungashiya | ungeshiye | — | ungeshiye | |||
| 1st plural | singashiya | — | singashiya | singeshiye | — | singeshiye | |||
| 2nd plural | ningashiya | — | ningashiya | ningeshiye | — | ningeshiye | |||
| Class 1 | angashiya | — | engashiya | angeshiye | — | engeshiye | |||
| Class 2 | bangashiya | — | bengashiya | bangeshiye | — | bengeshiye | |||
| Class 3 | ungashiya | — | ungashiya | ungeshiye | — | ungeshiye | |||
| Class 4 | ingashiya | — | ingashiya | ingeshiye | — | ingeshiye | |||
| Class 5 | lingashiya | — | lingashiya | lingeshiye | — | lingeshiye | |||
| Class 6 | angashiya | — | engashiya | angeshiye | — | engeshiye | |||
| Class 7 | singashiya | — | singashiya | singeshiye | — | singeshiye | |||
| Class 8 | zingashiya | — | zingashiya | zingeshiye | — | zingeshiye | |||
| Class 9 | ingashiya | — | ingashiya | ingeshiye | — | ingeshiye | |||
| Class 10 | zingashiya | — | zingashiya | zingeshiye | — | zingeshiye | |||
| Class 11 | lungashiya | — | lungashiya | lungeshiye | — | lungeshiye | |||
| Class 14 | bungashiya | — | bungashiya | bungeshiye | — | bungeshiye | |||
| Class 15 | kungashiya | — | kungashiya | kungeshiye | — | kungeshiye | |||
| Class 17 | kungashiya | — | kungashiya | kungeshiye | — | kungeshiye | |||
| Immediate future | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngizoshiya | engizoshiya | ngizoshiya | angizushiya | engingezushiya | ngingezushiya | |||
| 2nd singular | uzoshiya | ozoshiya | uzoshiya | awuzushiya | ongezushiya | ungezushiya | |||
| 1st plural | sizoshiya | esizoshiya | sizoshiya | asizushiya | esingezushiya | singezushiya | |||
| 2nd plural | nizoshiya | enizoshiya | nizoshiya | anizushiya | eningezushiya | ningezushiya | |||
| Class 1 | uzoshiya | ozoshiya | ezoshiya | akazushiya | ongezushiya | engezushiya | |||
| Class 2 | bazoshiya | abazoshiya | bezoshiya | abazushiya | abangezushiya | bengezushiya | |||
| Class 3 | uzoshiya | ozoshiya | uzoshiya | awuzushiya | ongezushiya | ungezushiya | |||
| Class 4 | izoshiya | ezoshiya | izoshiya | ayizushiya | engezushiya | ingezushiya | |||
| Class 5 | lizoshiya | elizoshiya | lizoshiya | alizushiya | elingezushiya | lingezushiya | |||
| Class 6 | azoshiya | azoshiya | ezoshiya | awazushiya | angezushiya | engezushiya | |||
| Class 7 | sizoshiya | esizoshiya | sizoshiya | asizushiya | esingezushiya | singezushiya | |||
| Class 8 | zizoshiya | ezizoshiya | zizoshiya | azizushiya | ezingezushiya | zingezushiya | |||
| Class 9 | izoshiya | ezoshiya | izoshiya | ayizushiya | engezushiya | ingezushiya | |||
| Class 10 | zizoshiya | ezizoshiya | zizoshiya | azizushiya | ezingezushiya | zingezushiya | |||
| Class 11 | luzoshiya | oluzoshiya | luzoshiya | aluzushiya | olungezushiya | lungezushiya | |||
| Class 14 | buzoshiya | obuzoshiya | buzoshiya | abuzushiya | obungezushiya | bungezushiya | |||
| Class 15 | kuzoshiya | okuzoshiya | kuzoshiya | akuzushiya | okungezushiya | kungezushiya | |||
| Class 17 | kuzoshiya | okuzoshiya | kuzoshiya | akuzushiya | okungezushiya | kungezushiya | |||
| Remote future | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiyoshiya | engiyoshiya | ngiyoshiya | angiyushiya | engingeyushiya | ngingeyushiya | |||
| 2nd singular | uyoshiya | oyoshiya | uyoshiya | awuyushiya | ongeyushiya | ungeyushiya | |||
| 1st plural | siyoshiya | esiyoshiya | siyoshiya | asiyushiya | esingeyushiya | singeyushiya | |||
| 2nd plural | niyoshiya | eniyoshiya | niyoshiya | aniyushiya | eningeyushiya | ningeyushiya | |||
| Class 1 | uyoshiya | oyoshiya | eyoshiya | akayushiya | ongeyushiya | engeyushiya | |||
| Class 2 | bayoshiya | abayoshiya | beyoshiya | abayushiya | abangeyushiya | bengeyushiya | |||
| Class 3 | uyoshiya | oyoshiya | uyoshiya | awuyushiya | ongeyushiya | ungeyushiya | |||
| Class 4 | iyoshiya | eyoshiya | iyoshiya | ayiyushiya | engeyushiya | ingeyushiya | |||
| Class 5 | liyoshiya | eliyoshiya | liyoshiya | aliyushiya | elingeyushiya | lingeyushiya | |||
| Class 6 | ayoshiya | ayoshiya | eyoshiya | awayushiya | angeyushiya | engeyushiya | |||
| Class 7 | siyoshiya | esiyoshiya | siyoshiya | asiyushiya | esingeyushiya | singeyushiya | |||
| Class 8 | ziyoshiya | eziyoshiya | ziyoshiya | aziyushiya | ezingeyushiya | zingeyushiya | |||
| Class 9 | iyoshiya | eyoshiya | iyoshiya | ayiyushiya | engeyushiya | ingeyushiya | |||
| Class 10 | ziyoshiya | eziyoshiya | ziyoshiya | aziyushiya | ezingeyushiya | zingeyushiya | |||
| Class 11 | luyoshiya | oluyoshiya | luyoshiya | aluyushiya | olungeyushiya | lungeyushiya | |||
| Class 14 | buyoshiya | obuyoshiya | buyoshiya | abuyushiya | obungeyushiya | bungeyushiya | |||
| Class 15 | kuyoshiya | okuyoshiya | kuyoshiya | akuyushiya | okungeyushiya | kungeyushiya | |||
| Class 17 | kuyoshiya | okuyoshiya | kuyoshiya | akuyushiya | okungeyushiya | kungeyushiya | |||
| Present subjunctive | |||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| 1st singular | ngishiye | ngingashiyi | |||||||
| 2nd singular | ushiye | ungashiyi | |||||||
| 1st plural | sishiye | singashiyi | |||||||
| 2nd plural | nishiye | ningashiyi | |||||||
| Class 1 | ashiye | angashiyi | |||||||
| Class 2 | bashiye | bangashiyi | |||||||
| Class 3 | ushiye | ungashiyi | |||||||
| Class 4 | ishiye | ingashiyi | |||||||
| Class 5 | lishiye | lingashiyi | |||||||
| Class 6 | ashiye | angashiyi | |||||||
| Class 7 | sishiye | singashiyi | |||||||
| Class 8 | zishiye | zingashiyi | |||||||
| Class 9 | ishiye | ingashiyi | |||||||
| Class 10 | zishiye | zingashiyi | |||||||
| Class 11 | lushiye | lungashiyi | |||||||
| Class 14 | bushiye | bungashiyi | |||||||
| Class 15 | kushiye | kungashiyi | |||||||
| Class 17 | kushiye | kungashiyi | |||||||
| Past subjunctive | |||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| 1st singular | ngashiya | ngangashiya, angashiya, angangashiya | |||||||
| 2nd singular | washiya | wangashiya, awashiya, awangashiya | |||||||
| 1st plural | sashiya | sangashiya, asashiya, asangashiya | |||||||
| 2nd plural | nashiya | nangashiya, anashiya, anangashiya | |||||||
| Class 1 | washiya | wangashiya, akashiya, akangashiya | |||||||
| Class 2 | bashiya | bangashiya, abashiya, abangashiya | |||||||
| Class 3 | washiya | wangashiya, awashiya, awangashiya | |||||||
| Class 4 | yashiya | yangashiya, ayashiya, ayangashiya | |||||||
| Class 5 | lashiya | langashiya, alashiya, alangashiya | |||||||
| Class 6 | ashiya | angashiya, awashiya, awangashiya | |||||||
| Class 7 | sashiya | sangashiya, asashiya, asangashiya | |||||||
| Class 8 | zashiya | zangashiya, azashiya, azangashiya | |||||||
| Class 9 | yashiya | yangashiya, ayashiya, ayangashiya | |||||||
| Class 10 | zashiya | zangashiya, azashiya, azangashiya | |||||||
| Class 11 | lwashiya | lwangashiya, alwashiya, alwangashiya | |||||||
| Class 14 | bashiya | bangashiya, abashiya, abangashiya | |||||||
| Class 15 | kwashiya | kwangashiya, akwashiya, akwangashiya | |||||||
| Class 17 | kwashiya | kwangashiya, akwashiya, akwangashiya | |||||||
Related terms
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shiya”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shiya (3.9)”
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