puru
Asturian
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *puru. Equivalent to purra (“to bite”) + -u. Compare Estonian puru (“dust”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpuru/, [ˈpuru]
- Rhymes: -uru
- Syllabification(key): pu‧ru
Noun
puru
- (rare outside compounds) Synonym of pureminen (“biting, chewing”)
- purukumi ― chewing gum
- A quantity of finely chewn food, such as a bird may give to its young.
- chaw, chew (plug or wad of chewing tobacco)
- Pelaajat istuivat penkillä katsellen sadetta, jauhaen juroina puruaan.
- The players sat on the bench watching the rain, glumly working their chews.
- (pathology) ache, pain (gnawing, persistent pain, especially in stomach)
- mahanpuru ― stomachache
- dust, powder, swarf (waste chips, shavings and dust from working a solid material)
- sahanpuru ― sawdust
- kutterinpuru ― cutter swarf
Declension
| Inflection of puru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | puru | purut | ||
| genitive | purun | purujen | ||
| partitive | purua | puruja | ||
| illative | puruun | puruihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | puru | purut | ||
| accusative | nom. | puru | purut | |
| gen. | purun | |||
| genitive | purun | purujen | ||
| partitive | purua | puruja | ||
| inessive | purussa | puruissa | ||
| elative | purusta | puruista | ||
| illative | puruun | puruihin | ||
| adessive | purulla | puruilla | ||
| ablative | purulta | puruilta | ||
| allative | purulle | puruille | ||
| essive | puruna | puruina | ||
| translative | puruksi | puruiksi | ||
| abessive | purutta | puruitta | ||
| instructive | — | puruin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of puru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
compounds
Further reading
- “puru”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Guaraní
Conjugation
Conjugation of puru
| singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person inclusive |
1st person exclusive |
2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| active | ||||||||
| indicative | che aipuru | nde reipuru | ha'e oipuru | ñande jaipuru | ore roipuru | peẽ peipuru | ha'ekuéra oipuru/oipuru hikuái | |
| hortative | taipuru che | tereipuru nde | toipuru ha'e | tajaipuru ñande | taroipuru ore | tapeipuru peẽ | toipuru ha'ekuéra/hikuái | |
| imperative | - | eipuru | - | - | - | peipuru | - | |
| passive | ||||||||
| indicative | che ajepuru | nde rejepuru | ha'e ojepuru | ñande jajepuru | ore rojepuru | peẽ pejepuru | ha'ekuéra ojepuru/ojepuru hikuái | |
| hortative | tajepuru che | terejepuru nde | tojepuru ha'e | tajajepuru ñande | tarojepuru ore | tapejepuru peẽ | tojepuru ha'ekuéra/hikuái | |
| imperative | - | ejepuru | - | - | - | pejepuru | - | |
| reciprocal | ||||||||
| indicative | - | - | - | ñande jajoipuru | ore rojoipuru | peẽ pejoipuru | ha'ekuéra ojoipuru/ojoipuru hikuái | |
| hortative | - | - | - | tajajoipuru ñande | tarojoipuru ore | tapejoipuru peẽ | tojoipuru ha'ekuéra/hikuái | |
| imperative | - | - | - | - | - | pejoipuru | - | |
| coactive | ||||||||
| indicative | che aimbopuru | nde reimbopuru | ha'e oimbopuru | ñande ñaimbopuru | ore roimbopuru | peẽ peimbopuru | ha'ekuéra oimbopuru/oimbopuru hikuái | |
| hortative | taimbopuru che | tereimbopuru nde | toimbopuru ha'e | tañaimbopuru ñande | taroimbopuru ore | tapeimbopuru peẽ | toimbopuru ha'ekuéra/hikuái | |
| imperative | - | eimbopuru | - | - | - | peimbopuru | - | |
| objective | ||||||||
| indicative | che airopuru/aigueropuru | nde reiropuru/reigueropuru | ha'e oiropuru/oigueropuru | ñande jairopuru/jaigueropuru | ore roiropuru/roigueropuru | peẽ peiropuru/peigueropuru | ha'ekuéra oiropuru/oigueropuru//oiropuru/oigueropuru hikuái | |
| hortative | tairopuru/taigueropuru che | tereiropuru/tereigueropuru nde | toiropuru/toigueropuru ha'e | tajairopuru/tajaigueropuru ñande | taroiropuru/taroigueropuru ore | tapeiropuru/tapeigueropuru peẽ | toiropuru/toigueropuru ha'ekuéra/hikuái | |
| imperative | - | eiropuru/eigueropuru | - | - | - | peiropuru/peigueropuru | - | |
| subsuntive¹ | ||||||||
| indicative | che aiporopuru/aimba'epuru | nde reiporopuru/reimba'epuru | ha'e oiporopuru/oimba'epuru | ñande jaiporopuru/ñaimba'epuru | ore roiporopuru/roimba'epuru | peẽ peiporopuru/peimba'epuru | ha'ekuéra oiporopuru/oimba'epuru//oiporopuru/oimba'epuru hikuái | |
| hortative | taiporopuru/taimba'epuru che | tereiporopuru/tereimba'epuru nde | toiporopuru/toimba'epuru ha'e | tajaiporopuru/tañaimba'epuru ñande | taroiporopuru/taroimba'epuru ore | tapeiporopuru/tapeimba'epuru peẽ | toiporopuru/toimba'epuru ha'ekuéra/hikuái | |
| imperative | - | eiporopuru/eimba'epuru | - | - | - | peiporopuru/peimba'epuru | - | |
| ¹: the subsuntive forms with -poro- are used with humans, while the forms with -mba'e- are used with animals. | ||||||||
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *puru, equivalent to purra (“to bite”) + -u. Cognates include Finnish puru and Estonian puru.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈpuru/, [ˈpuru]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈpuru/, [ˈpuru]
- Rhymes: -uru
- Hyphenation: pu‧ru
Declension
| Declension of puru (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | puru | purut |
| genitive | purun | purruin, puruloin |
| partitive | purrua | puruja, puruloja |
| illative | purruu | purrui, puruloihe |
| inessive | purus | puruis, purulois |
| elative | purust | puruist, puruloist |
| allative | purulle | puruille, puruloille |
| adessive | purul | puruil, puruloil |
| ablative | purult | puruilt, puruloilt |
| translative | puruks | puruiks, puruloiks |
| essive | purunna, purruun | puruinna, puruloinna, purruin, puruloin |
| exessive1) | purunt | puruint, puruloint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 443
Latvian
Maori
Etymology
From Proto-Oceanic *pulu (“coconut husk”) (compare with Fijian bulu and Hawaiian pulu "coconut husk")[1][2] from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulut.[3] Sense of "plug" is a semantic extension from the lack of coconuts found naturally in New Zealand.[2]
Related terms
References
- Tregear, Edward (1891) Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary, Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page 379
- Bruce Biggs (1994) “New Words for a New World”, in A. K. Pawley, M. D. Ross, editors, Austronesian Terminologies: Continuity and Change (Pacific Linguistics Series C; 127), Australian National University, , page 29
- Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “pulu.1a”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
Further reading
- “puru” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.
Quechua
Usage notes
Not to be confused with purun.
Declension
declension of puru
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | puru | purukuna |
| accusative | puruta | purukunata |
| dative | puruman | purukunaman |
| genitive | purup | purukunap |
| locative | purupi | purukunapi |
| terminative | purukama | purukunakama |
| ablative | purumanta | purukunamanta |
| instrumental | puruwan | purukunawan |
| comitative | puruntin | purukunantin |
| abessive | purunnaq | purukunannaq |
| comparative | puruhina | purukunahina |
| causative | pururayku | purukunarayku |
| benefactive | purupaq | purukunapaq |
| associative | purupura | purukunapura |
| distributive | purunka | purukunanka |
| exclusive | purulla | purukunalla |
possessive forms of puru
ñuqap - first-person singular
| ñuqap (my) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | puruy | puruykuna |
| accusative | puruyta | puruykunata |
| dative | puruyman | puruykunaman |
| genitive | puruypa | puruykunap |
| locative | puruypi | puruykunapi |
| terminative | puruykama | puruykunakama |
| ablative | puruymanta | puruykunamanta |
| instrumental | puruywan | puruykunawan |
| comitative | puruynintin | puruykunantin |
| abessive | puruyninnaq | puruykunannaq |
| comparative | puruyhina | puruykunahina |
| causative | puruyrayku | puruykunarayku |
| benefactive | puruypaq | puruykunapaq |
| associative | puruypura | puruykunapura |
| distributive | puruyninka | puruykunanka |
| exclusive | puruylla | puruykunalla |
qampa - second-person singular
| qampa (your) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | puruyki | puruykikuna |
| accusative | puruykita | puruykikunata |
| dative | puruykiman | puruykikunaman |
| genitive | puruykipa | puruykikunap |
| locative | puruykipi | puruykikunapi |
| terminative | puruykikama | puruykikunakama |
| ablative | puruykimanta | puruykikunamanta |
| instrumental | puruykiwan | puruykikunawan |
| comitative | puruykintin | puruykikunantin |
| abessive | puruykinnaq | puruykikunannaq |
| comparative | puruykihina | puruykikunahina |
| causative | puruykirayku | puruykikunarayku |
| benefactive | puruykipaq | puruykikunapaq |
| associative | puruykipura | puruykikunapura |
| distributive | puruykinka | puruykikunanka |
| exclusive | puruykilla | puruykikunalla |
paypa - third-person singular
| paypa (his/her/its) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | purun | purunkuna |
| accusative | purunta | purunkunata |
| dative | purunman | purunkunaman |
| genitive | purunpa | purunkunap |
| locative | purunpi | purunkunapi |
| terminative | purunkama | purunkunakama |
| ablative | purunmanta | purunkunamanta |
| instrumental | purunwan | purunkunawan |
| comitative | purunintin | purunkunantin |
| abessive | purunninnaq | purunkunannaq |
| comparative | purunhina | purunkunahina |
| causative | purunrayku | purunkunarayku |
| benefactive | purunpaq | purunkunapaq |
| associative | purunpura | purunkunapura |
| distributive | puruninka | purunkunanka |
| exclusive | purunlla | purunkunalla |
ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural
| ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | purunchik | purunchikkuna |
| accusative | purunchikta | purunchikkunata |
| dative | purunchikman | purunchikkunaman |
| genitive | purunchikpa | purunchikkunap |
| locative | purunchikpi | purunchikkunapi |
| terminative | purunchikkama | purunchikkunakama |
| ablative | purunchikmanta | purunchikkunamanta |
| instrumental | purunchikwan | purunchikkunawan |
| comitative | purunchiknintin | purunchikkunantin |
| abessive | purunchikninnaq | purunchikkunannaq |
| comparative | purunchikhina | purunchikkunahina |
| causative | purunchikrayku | purunchikkunarayku |
| benefactive | purunchikpaq | purunchikkunapaq |
| associative | purunchikpura | purunchikkunapura |
| distributive | purunchikninka | purunchikkunanka |
| exclusive | purunchiklla | purunchikkunalla |
ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural
| ñuqaykup (our(excl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | puruyku | puruykukuna |
| accusative | puruykuta | puruykukunata |
| dative | puruykuman | puruykukunaman |
| genitive | puruykupa | puruykukunap |
| locative | puruykupi | puruykukunapi |
| terminative | puruykukama | puruykukunakama |
| ablative | puruykumanta | puruykukunamanta |
| instrumental | puruykuwan | puruykukunawan |
| comitative | puruykuntin | puruykukunantin |
| abessive | puruykunnaq | puruykukunannaq |
| comparative | puruykuhina | puruykukunahina |
| causative | puruykurayku | puruykukunarayku |
| benefactive | puruykupaq | puruykukunapaq |
| associative | puruykupura | puruykukunapura |
| distributive | puruykunka | puruykukunanka |
| exclusive | puruykulla | puruykukunalla |
qamkunap - second-person plural
| qamkunap (your(pl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | puruykichik | puruykichikkuna |
| accusative | puruykichikta | puruykichikkunata |
| dative | puruykichikman | puruykichikkunaman |
| genitive | puruykichikpa | puruykichikkunap |
| locative | puruykichikpi | puruykichikkunapi |
| terminative | puruykichikkama | puruykichikkunakama |
| ablative | puruykichikmanta | puruykichikkunamanta |
| instrumental | puruykichikwan | puruykichikkunawan |
| comitative | puruykichiknintin | puruykichikkunantin |
| abessive | puruykichikninnaq | puruykichikkunannaq |
| comparative | puruykichikhina | puruykichikkunahina |
| causative | puruykichikrayku | puruykichikkunarayku |
| benefactive | puruykichikpaq | puruykichikkunapaq |
| associative | puruykichikpura | puruykichikkunapura |
| distributive | puruykichikninka | puruykichikkunanka |
| exclusive | puruykichiklla | puruykichikkunalla |
paykunap - third-person plural
| paykunap (their) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | purunku | purunkukuna |
| accusative | purunkuta | purunkukunata |
| dative | purunkuman | purunkukunaman |
| genitive | purunkupa | purunkukunap |
| locative | purunkupi | purunkukunapi |
| terminative | purunkukama | purunkukunakama |
| ablative | purunkumanta | purunkukunamanta |
| instrumental | purunkuwan | purunkukunawan |
| comitative | purunkuntin | purunkukunantin |
| abessive | purunkunnaq | purunkukunannaq |
| comparative | purunkuhina | purunkukunahina |
| causative | purunkurayku | purunkukunarayku |
| benefactive | purunkupaq | purunkukunapaq |
| associative | purunkupura | purunkukunapura |
| distributive | purunkunka | purunkukunanka |
| exclusive | purunkulla | purunkukunalla |
Sicilian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpuɾu/
- Hyphenation: pù‧ru
Derived terms
Synonyms
Veps
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Inflection
| Inflection of puru (inflection type 1/ilo) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | puru | ||
| genitive sing. | purun | ||
| partitive sing. | purud | ||
| partitive plur. | puruid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | puru | purud | |
| accusative | purun | purud | |
| genitive | purun | puruiden | |
| partitive | purud | puruid | |
| essive-instructive | purun | puruin | |
| translative | puruks | puruikš | |
| inessive | purus | puruiš | |
| elative | puruspäi | puruišpäi | |
| illative | puruhu | puruihe | |
| adessive | purul | puruil | |
| ablative | purulpäi | puruilpäi | |
| allative | purule | puruile | |
| abessive | puruta | puruita | |
| comitative | purunke | puruidenke | |
| prolative | purudme | puruidme | |
| approximative I | purunno | puruidenno | |
| approximative II | purunnoks | puruidennoks | |
| egressive | purunnopäi | puruidennopäi | |
| terminative I | puruhusai | puruihesai | |
| terminative II | purulesai | puruilesai | |
| terminative III | purussai | — | |
| additive I | puruhupäi | puruihepäi | |
| additive II | purulepäi | puruilepäi | |
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “пар”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
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