pelko
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *pelko. Equivalent to pelätä (“to fear, dread”) + -o.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpelko/, [ˈpe̞lko̞]
- Rhymes: -elko
- Syllabification(key): pel‧ko
Declension
| Inflection of pelko (Kotus type 1*D/valo, k-∅ gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | pelko | pelot | ||
| genitive | pelon | pelkojen | ||
| partitive | pelkoa | pelkoja | ||
| illative | pelkoon | pelkoihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | pelko | pelot | ||
| accusative | nom. | pelko | pelot | |
| gen. | pelon | |||
| genitive | pelon | pelkojen | ||
| partitive | pelkoa | pelkoja | ||
| inessive | pelossa | peloissa | ||
| elative | pelosta | peloista | ||
| illative | pelkoon | pelkoihin | ||
| adessive | pelolla | peloilla | ||
| ablative | pelolta | peloilta | ||
| allative | pelolle | peloille | ||
| essive | pelkona | pelkoina | ||
| translative | peloksi | peloiksi | ||
| abessive | pelotta | peloitta | ||
| instructive | — | peloin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of pelko (Kotus type 1*D/valo, k-∅ gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
adjectives
verbs
compounds
Further reading
- “pelko”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *pelko, equivalent to pölätä (“to fear”) + -o. Cognates include Finnish pelko and dialectal Estonian pelg.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈpelko/, [ˈpe̞ɫkŏ̞̥]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈpelko/, [ˈpe̞ɫɡ̊o̞]
- Rhymes: -elko
- Hyphenation: pel‧ko
Declension
| Declension of pelko (type 4/koivu, k- gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | pelko | pelot |
| genitive | pelon | pelkoin, pelkoloin |
| partitive | pelkoa | pelkoja, pelkoloja |
| illative | pelkoo | pelkoi, pelkoloihe |
| inessive | pelos | pelois, pelkolois |
| elative | pelost | peloist, pelkoloist |
| allative | pelolle | peloille, pelkoloille |
| adessive | pelol | peloil, pelkoloil |
| ablative | pelolt | peloilt, pelkoloilt |
| translative | peloks | peloiks, pelkoloiks |
| essive | pelkonna, pelkoon | pelkoinna, pelkoloinna, pelkoin, pelkoloin |
| exessive1) | pelkont | pelkoint, pelkoloint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 396
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *pelko.
Pronunciation
- (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈpelko/, [ˈpeɫko]
- Rhymes: -elko
- Hyphenation: pel‧ko
Inflection
| Declension of pelko (type II/võrkko, k-g gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | pelko | pelgod |
| genitive | pelgo | pelkojõ, pelkoi |
| partitive | pelkoa | pelkoitõ, pelkoi |
| illative | pelkosõ, pelko | pelkoisõ |
| inessive | pelgoz | pelkoiz |
| elative | pelgossõ | pelkoissõ |
| allative | pelgolõ | pelkoilõ |
| adessive | pelgollõ | pelkoillõ |
| ablative | pelgoltõ | pelkoiltõ |
| translative | pelgossi | pelkoissi |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. | ||
References
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “pelko”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
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