kulu
See also: Appendix:Variations of "kulu"
Bambara
References
- Richard Nci Diarra, Lexique bambara-français-anglais, December 13, 2010
Chamicuro
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *kulu. Equivalent to kulua (“to wear, be spent”) + -u.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkulu/, [ˈkulu]
- Rhymes: -ulu
- Syllabification(key): ku‧lu
Declension
| Inflection of kulu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kulu | kulut | ||
| genitive | kulun | kulujen | ||
| partitive | kulua | kuluja | ||
| illative | kuluun | kuluihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | kulu | kulut | ||
| accusative | nom. | kulu | kulut | |
| gen. | kulun | |||
| genitive | kulun | kulujen | ||
| partitive | kulua | kuluja | ||
| inessive | kulussa | kuluissa | ||
| elative | kulusta | kuluista | ||
| illative | kuluun | kuluihin | ||
| adessive | kululla | kuluilla | ||
| ablative | kululta | kuluilta | ||
| allative | kululle | kuluille | ||
| essive | kuluna | kuluina | ||
| translative | kuluksi | kuluiksi | ||
| abessive | kulutta | kuluitta | ||
| instructive | — | kuluin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of kulu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms
- (one expenditure): kustannus
Declension
| Inflection of kulu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kulu | kulut | |
| genitive | kulun | kulujen | |
| partitive | kulua | kuluja | |
| illative | kuluun | kuluihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kulu | kulut | |
| accusative | nom. | kulu | kulut |
| gen. | kulun | ||
| genitive | kulun | kulujen | |
| partitive | kulua | kuluja | |
| inessive | kulussa | kuluissa | |
| elative | kulusta | kuluista | |
| illative | kuluun | kuluihin | |
| adessive | kululla | kuluilla | |
| ablative | kululta | kuluilta | |
| allative | kululle | kuluille | |
| essive | kuluna | kuluina | |
| translative | kuluksi | kuluiksi | |
| abessive | kulutta | kuluitta | |
| instructive | — | kuluin | |
| comitative | — | kuluine | |
| Possessive forms of kulu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
compounds
Further reading
- “kulu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkuluˣ/, [ˈkulu(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ulu
- Syllabification(key): ku‧lu
Verb
kulu
- inflection of kulua:
- present active indicative connegative
- second-person singular present imperative
- second-person singular present active imperative connegative
Hawaiian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Polynesian [Term?], from Proto-Oceanic *turuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduq, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduq (“to drip; to leak”).
Noun
kulu
Etymology 2
From Proto-Polynesian [Term?], from Proto-Oceanic *turus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *turus (“stake; free-standing post”).
Derived terms
- kūkulu
References
- Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “kulu”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
Ingrian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *kulu, equivalent to kullua (“to spend”) + -u. Cognates include Finnish kulu and Estonian kulu.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkulu/, [ˈkuɫu]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkulu/, [ˈkuɫu]
- Rhymes: -ulu
- Hyphenation: ku‧lu
Declension
| Declension of kulu (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kulu | kulut |
| genitive | kulun | kulluin, kululoin |
| partitive | kullua | kuluja, kululoja |
| illative | kulluu | kullui, kululoihe |
| inessive | kulus | kuluis, kululois |
| elative | kulust | kuluist, kululoist |
| allative | kululle | kuluille, kululoille |
| adessive | kulul | kuluil, kululoil |
| ablative | kulult | kuluilt, kululoilt |
| translative | kuluks | kuluiks, kululoiks |
| essive | kulunna, kulluun | kuluinna, kululoinna, kulluin, kululoin |
| exessive1) | kulunt | kuluint, kululoint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Synonyms
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkulu/, [ˈkuɫu]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkulu/, [ˈkuɫu]
- Rhymes: -ulu
- Hyphenation: ku‧lu
Declension
| Declension of kulu (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kulu | kulut |
| genitive | kulun | kulluin, kululoin |
| partitive | kullua | kuluja, kululoja |
| illative | kulluu | kullui, kululoihe |
| inessive | kulus | kuluis, kululois |
| elative | kulust | kuluist, kululoist |
| allative | kululle | kuluille, kululoille |
| adessive | kulul | kuluil, kululoil |
| ablative | kulult | kuluilt, kululoilt |
| translative | kuluks | kuluiks, kululoiks |
| essive | kulunna, kulluun | kuluinna, kululoinna, kulluin, kululoin |
| exessive1) | kulunt | kuluint, kululoint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkulu/, [ˈkuɫu]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkulu/, [ˈkuɫu]
- Rhymes: -ulu
- Hyphenation: ku‧lu
Verb
kulu
- inflection of kullua:
- present indicative connegative
- second-person singular imperative
- second-person singular imperative connegative
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 217
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
Probably related to kållå, a dialectal variant of kole (“fish oil lamp”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʉlʉ/
Synonyms
Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʊˈlu/
- Hyphenation: ku‧lu
Uneapa
Etymology
From Proto-Oceanic *kuluʀ with irregular loss of *ʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuluʀ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kulu/
Further reading
- Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*kuluR”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
- Johnston, R.L. 1982. "Proto-Kimbe and the New Guinea Oceanic hypothesis". In Halim, A., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors. Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic, 59-95.
Veps
Inflection
| Inflection of kulu (inflection type 1/ilo) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | kulu | ||
| genitive sing. | kulun | ||
| partitive sing. | kulud | ||
| partitive plur. | kuluid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kulu | kulud | |
| accusative | kulun | kulud | |
| genitive | kulun | kuluiden | |
| partitive | kulud | kuluid | |
| essive-instructive | kulun | kuluin | |
| translative | kuluks | kuluikš | |
| inessive | kulus | kuluiš | |
| elative | kuluspäi | kuluišpäi | |
| illative | kulhu kuluhu |
kuluihe | |
| adessive | kulul | kuluil | |
| ablative | kululpäi | kuluilpäi | |
| allative | kulule | kuluile | |
| abessive | kuluta | kuluita | |
| comitative | kulunke | kuluidenke | |
| prolative | kuludme | kuluidme | |
| approximative I | kulunno | kuluidenno | |
| approximative II | kulunnoks | kuluidennoks | |
| egressive | kulunnopäi | kuluidennopäi | |
| terminative I | kulhusai kuluhusai |
kuluihesai | |
| terminative II | kululesai | kuluilesai | |
| terminative III | kulussai | — | |
| additive I | kulhupäi kuluhupäi |
kuluihepäi | |
| additive II | kululepäi | kuluilepäi | |
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “изношенный”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
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