khắc nghiệt
Vietnamese
    
    Etymology
    
Sino-Vietnamese word from 刻 and 孽.
Pronunciation
    
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [xak̚˧˦ ŋiət̚˧˨ʔ]
 - (Huế) IPA(key): [kʰak̚˦˧˥ ŋiək̚˨˩ʔ] ~ [xak̚˦˧˥ ŋiək̚˨˩ʔ]
 - (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [kʰak̚˦˥ ŋiək̚˨˩˨] ~ [xak̚˦˥ ŋiək̚˨˩˨]
 
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