jauger
French
Etymology
From Middle French jauger, from Old French jaugier, from jauge (“gauging rod”), from Frankish *galga (“measuring rod, pole”), from Proto-Germanic *galgô (“pole, stake, cross”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰalgʰ-, *ǵʰalg- (“perch, long switch”); see also jauge. More at gauge.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒo.ʒe/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written jauge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of jauger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | jauger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | jaugeant /ʒo.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | jaugé /ʒo.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | jauge /ʒoʒ/ |
jauges /ʒoʒ/ |
jauge /ʒoʒ/ |
jaugeons /ʒo.ʒɔ̃/ |
jaugez /ʒo.ʒe/ |
jaugent /ʒoʒ/ |
| imperfect | jaugeais /ʒo.ʒɛ/ |
jaugeais /ʒo.ʒɛ/ |
jaugeait /ʒo.ʒɛ/ |
jaugions /ʒo.ʒjɔ̃/ |
jaugiez /ʒo.ʒje/ |
jaugeaient /ʒo.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | jaugeai /ʒo.ʒe/ |
jaugeas /ʒo.ʒa/ |
jaugea /ʒo.ʒa/ |
jaugeâmes /ʒo.ʒam/ |
jaugeâtes /ʒo.ʒat/ |
jaugèrent /ʒo.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | jaugerai /ʒoʒ.ʁe/ |
jaugeras /ʒoʒ.ʁa/ |
jaugera /ʒoʒ.ʁa/ |
jaugerons /ʒoʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
jaugerez /ʒoʒ.ʁe/ |
jaugeront /ʒoʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | jaugerais /ʒoʒ.ʁɛ/ |
jaugerais /ʒoʒ.ʁɛ/ |
jaugerait /ʒoʒ.ʁɛ/ |
jaugerions /ʒo.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
jaugeriez /ʒo.ʒə.ʁje/ |
jaugeraient /ʒoʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | jauge /ʒoʒ/ |
jauges /ʒoʒ/ |
jauge /ʒoʒ/ |
jaugions /ʒo.ʒjɔ̃/ |
jaugiez /ʒo.ʒje/ |
jaugent /ʒoʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | jaugeasse /ʒo.ʒas/ |
jaugeasses /ʒo.ʒas/ |
jaugeât /ʒo.ʒa/ |
jaugeassions /ʒo.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
jaugeassiez /ʒo.ʒa.sje/ |
jaugeassent /ʒo.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | jauge /ʒoʒ/ |
— | jaugeons /ʒo.ʒɔ̃/ |
jaugez /ʒo.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “jauger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
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