jꜣd

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb
iAd
nDs

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to suffer
  2. (intransitive) to experience a lack or deficiency (+ ḥr: of)
  3. (transitive) to torment, to hurt, to make suffer

Inflection
Conjugation of jꜣd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jꜣd, geminated stem: jꜣdd
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
jꜣd
 jꜣdw, jꜣd
 jꜣdt
 jꜣd
 jꜣd
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
jꜣd
 ḥr jꜣd
 m jꜣd
 r jꜣd
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect jꜣd.n
 jꜣdw, jꜣd
 consecutive jꜣd.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative jꜣdt
perfective3 jꜣd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 jꜣd.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective jꜣd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 jꜣd
 jꜣdd
 potentialis1 jꜣd.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive jꜣd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect jꜣd.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective jꜣd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jꜣd
 jꜣd, jꜣdw5, jꜣdy5
imperfective jꜣd, jꜣdy, jꜣdw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jꜣd, jꜣdj6, jꜣdy6
 jꜣd, jꜣdw5
prospective jꜣd, jꜣdtj7
 — jꜣdtj4, jꜣdt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣd  
iAd
Z9
nDs
jꜣd

Derived terms

Noun
iAd
nDs

 m

  1. Alternative form of jꜣdw (“pestilence”)

Inflection
Declension of jꜣd (masculine)
singular jꜣd
dual jꜣdwj
plural jꜣdw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣd  
iAd
nDs
iAd
F37B		 D40
iAd
N4
jꜣd jꜣd jꜣd
[18th Dynasty] [18th Dynasty] [Late Egyptian]

References
  • “jꜣd (lemma ID 21140)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 35.9–35.12
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 9
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