in aghaidh
Irish
Alternative forms
- i n-aghaidh (superseded)
Etymology
From Middle Irish i n-agid (“against”, literally “in the face of”), from Old Irish agad (“face”).
Preposition
in aghaidh (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)
- contrary to
- Synonym: contrártha le
- opposed to, against
- Synonyms: i gcoinne, in éadan
- an comhrac in aghaidh na sceimhlitheoireachta ― the fight against terrorism
- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 4:
- gax uəŕ, dā veḱn̥̄ šēd ə çēlə, biən̄ šēd ə n-ai ə çēlə.
- [Gach uair dá fheiceann siad a chéile, bíonn siad in aghaidh a chéile]
- Every time they see each other, they are opposed to each other.
- vī mē eǵ ə gūŕc əńḗ, vī n imr̥kə menī ə m ai, agəs buəlū mē sə gūš.
- [Bhí mé ag an gcúirt inné, bhí an iomarca mionnaí i m’aghaidh, agus bualadh mé sa gcúis.]
- I was in court yesterday; there were too many oaths against me and I lost the case.
- 1981, An Bíobla Naofa, Matthew 18:21:
- A Thiarna, cé mhéad uair ba cheart dom pardún a thabhairt do mo bhráthair nuair a chiontaíonn i m’aghaidh?
- O Lord, how many times must I forgive my brother when he sins against me?
- 2015 [2014], Will Collins, translated by Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, edited by Maura McHugh, Amhrán na Mara (fiction; paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea (in English), →ISBN, page 2:
- Briseann tonnta boga in aghaidh na gcarraigeacha thíos faoi.
- [original: Waves gently lap against the rocks below.]
- (sports) versus
Inflection
Inflection of in aghaidh
| Person | Normal | Emphatic |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person sing. | i m'aghaidh | i m'aghaidhse |
| 2d person sing. | i d'aghaidh | i d'aghaidhse |
| 3d sing. masc. | ina aghaidh | ina aghaidhsean |
| 3d sing. fem. | ina haghaidh | ina haghaidhse |
| 1st person pl. | inár n-aghaidh | inár n-aghaidhne |
| 2d person pl. | in bhur n-aghaidh | in bhur n-aghaidhse |
| 3d person pl. | ina n-aghaidh | ina aghaidhsean |
Further reading
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “aġaiḋ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 7
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “in aghaidh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “in aghaidh” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “in aghaidh” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
- “in aghaidh”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
- “i n-aghaidh”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “agad, aiged”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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