hlamba
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-càmba.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-càmba.
Verb
-hlamba
Inflection
| Tone L | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | ukuhlamba | ||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| Infinitive | ukuhlamba | ukungahlambi | |||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
| Singular | hlamba | -hlambe | |||||||
| Plural | hlambani | -hlambeni | |||||||
| Present | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiyahlamba, ngihlamba | engihlambayo, engihlamba | ngihlamba | angihlambi | engingahlambi | ngingahlambi | |||
| 2nd singular | uyahlamba, uhlamba | ohlambayo, ohlamba | uhlamba | awuhlambi | ongahlambi | ungahlambi | |||
| 1st plural | siyahlamba, sihlamba | esihlambayo, esihlamba | sihlamba | asihlambi | esingahlambi | singahlambi | |||
| 2nd plural | niyahlamba, nihlamba | enihlambayo, enihlamba | nihlamba | anihlambi | eningahlambi | ningahlambi | |||
| Class 1 | uyahlamba, uhlamba | ohlambayo, ohlamba | ehlamba | akahlambi | ongahlambi | engahlambi | |||
| Class 2 | bayahlamba, bahlamba | abahlambayo, abahlamba | behlamba | abahlambi | abangahlambi | bengahlambi | |||
| Class 3 | uyahlamba, uhlamba | ohlambayo, ohlamba | uhlamba | awuhlambi | ongahlambi | ungahlambi | |||
| Class 4 | iyahlamba, ihlamba | ehlambayo, ehlamba | ihlamba | ayihlambi | engahlambi | ingahlambi | |||
| Class 5 | liyahlamba, lihlamba | elihlambayo, elihlamba | lihlamba | alihlambi | elingahlambi | lingahlambi | |||
| Class 6 | ayahlamba, ahlamba | ahlambayo, ahlamba | ehlamba | awahlambi | angahlambi | engahlambi | |||
| Class 7 | siyahlamba, sihlamba | esihlambayo, esihlamba | sihlamba | asihlambi | esingahlambi | singahlambi | |||
| Class 8 | ziyahlamba, zihlamba | ezihlambayo, ezihlamba | zihlamba | azihlambi | ezingahlambi | zingahlambi | |||
| Class 9 | iyahlamba, ihlamba | ehlambayo, ehlamba | ihlamba | ayihlambi | engahlambi | ingahlambi | |||
| Class 10 | ziyahlamba, zihlamba | ezihlambayo, ezihlamba | zihlamba | azihlambi | ezingahlambi | zingahlambi | |||
| Class 11 | luyahlamba, luhlamba | oluhlambayo, oluhlamba | luhlamba | aluhlambi | olungahlambi | lungahlambi | |||
| Class 14 | buyahlamba, buhlamba | obuhlambayo, obuhlamba | buhlamba | abuhlambi | obungahlambi | bungahlambi | |||
| Class 15 | kuyahlamba, kuhlamba | okuhlambayo, okuhlamba | kuhlamba | akuhlambi | okungahlambi | kungahlambi | |||
| Class 17 | kuyahlamba, kuhlamba | okuhlambayo, okuhlamba | kuhlamba | akuhlambi | okungahlambi | kungahlambi | |||
| Recent past | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngihlambile, ngihlambē | engihlambile, engihlambē | ngihlambile, ngihlambē | angihlambanga | engingahlambanga | ngingahlambanga | |||
| 2nd singular | uhlambile, uhlambē | ohlambile, ohlambē | uhlambile, uhlambē | awuhlambanga | ongahlambanga | ungahlambanga | |||
| 1st plural | sihlambile, sihlambē | esihlambile, esihlambē | sihlambile, sihlambē | asihlambanga | esingahlambanga | singahlambanga | |||
| 2nd plural | nihlambile, nihlambē | enihlambile, enihlambē | nihlambile, nihlambē | anihlambanga | eningahlambanga | ningahlambanga | |||
| Class 1 | uhlambile, uhlambē | ohlambile, ohlambē | ehlambile, ehlambē | akahlambanga | ongahlambanga | engahlambanga | |||
| Class 2 | bahlambile, bahlambē | abahlambile, abahlambē | behlambile, behlambē | abahlambanga | abangahlambanga | bengahlambanga | |||
| Class 3 | uhlambile, uhlambē | ohlambile, ohlambē | uhlambile, uhlambē | awuhlambanga | ongahlambanga | ungahlambanga | |||
| Class 4 | ihlambile, ihlambē | ehlambile, ehlambē | ihlambile, ihlambē | ayihlambanga | engahlambanga | ingahlambanga | |||
| Class 5 | lihlambile, lihlambē | elihlambile, elihlambē | lihlambile, lihlambē | alihlambanga | elingahlambanga | lingahlambanga | |||
| Class 6 | ahlambile, ahlambē | ahlambile, ahlambē | ehlambile, ehlambē | awahlambanga | angahlambanga | engahlambanga | |||
| Class 7 | sihlambile, sihlambē | esihlambile, esihlambē | sihlambile, sihlambē | asihlambanga | esingahlambanga | singahlambanga | |||
| Class 8 | zihlambile, zihlambē | ezihlambile, ezihlambē | zihlambile, zihlambē | azihlambanga | ezingahlambanga | zingahlambanga | |||
| Class 9 | ihlambile, ihlambē | ehlambile, ehlambē | ihlambile, ihlambē | ayihlambanga | engahlambanga | ingahlambanga | |||
| Class 10 | zihlambile, zihlambē | ezihlambile, ezihlambē | zihlambile, zihlambē | azihlambanga | ezingahlambanga | zingahlambanga | |||
| Class 11 | luhlambile, luhlambē | oluhlambile, oluhlambē | luhlambile, luhlambē | aluhlambanga | olungahlambanga | lungahlambanga | |||
| Class 14 | buhlambile, buhlambē | obuhlambile, obuhlambē | buhlambile, buhlambē | abuhlambanga | obungahlambanga | bungahlambanga | |||
| Class 15 | kuhlambile, kuhlambē | okuhlambile, okuhlambē | kuhlambile, kuhlambē | akuhlambanga | okungahlambanga | kungahlambanga | |||
| Class 17 | kuhlambile, kuhlambē | okuhlambile, okuhlambē | kuhlambile, kuhlambē | akuhlambanga | okungahlambanga | kungahlambanga | |||
| Remote past | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngāhlamba | engāhlamba | ngāhlamba | angihlambanga | engingahlambanga | ngingahlambanga | |||
| 2nd singular | wāhlamba | owāhlamba | wāhlamba | awuhlambanga | ongahlambanga | ungahlambanga | |||
| 1st plural | sāhlamba | esāhlamba | sāhlamba | asihlambanga | esingahlambanga | singahlambanga | |||
| 2nd plural | nāhlamba | enāhlamba | nāhlamba | anihlambanga | eningahlambanga | ningahlambanga | |||
| Class 1 | wāhlamba | owāhlamba | āhlamba | akahlambanga | ongahlambanga | engahlambanga | |||
| Class 2 | bāhlamba | abāhlamba | bāhlamba | abahlambanga | abangahlambanga | bengahlambanga | |||
| Class 3 | wāhlamba | owāhlamba | wāhlamba | awuhlambanga | ongahlambanga | ungahlambanga | |||
| Class 4 | yāhlamba | eyāhlamba | yāhlamba | ayihlambanga | engahlambanga | ingahlambanga | |||
| Class 5 | lāhlamba | elāhlamba | lāhlamba | alihlambanga | elingahlambanga | lingahlambanga | |||
| Class 6 | āhlamba | āhlamba | āhlamba | awahlambanga | angahlambanga | engahlambanga | |||
| Class 7 | sāhlamba | esāhlamba | sāhlamba | asihlambanga | esingahlambanga | singahlambanga | |||
| Class 8 | zāhlamba | ezāhlamba | zāhlamba | azihlambanga | ezingahlambanga | zingahlambanga | |||
| Class 9 | yāhlamba | eyāhlamba | yāhlamba | ayihlambanga | engahlambanga | ingahlambanga | |||
| Class 10 | zāhlamba | ezāhlamba | zāhlamba | azihlambanga | ezingahlambanga | zingahlambanga | |||
| Class 11 | lwāhlamba | olwāhlamba | lwāhlamba | aluhlambanga | olungahlambanga | lungahlambanga | |||
| Class 14 | bāhlamba | obāhlamba | bāhlamba | abuhlambanga | obungahlambanga | bungahlambanga | |||
| Class 15 | kwāhlamba | okwāhlamba | kwāhlamba | akuhlambanga | okungahlambanga | kungahlambanga | |||
| Class 17 | kwāhlamba | okwāhlamba | kwāhlamba | akuhlambanga | okungahlambanga | kungahlambanga | |||
| Potential | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngingahlamba | — | ngingahlamba | ngingehlambe | — | ngingehlambe | |||
| 2nd singular | ungahlamba | — | ungahlamba | ungehlambe | — | ungehlambe | |||
| 1st plural | singahlamba | — | singahlamba | singehlambe | — | singehlambe | |||
| 2nd plural | ningahlamba | — | ningahlamba | ningehlambe | — | ningehlambe | |||
| Class 1 | angahlamba | — | engahlamba | angehlambe | — | engehlambe | |||
| Class 2 | bangahlamba | — | bengahlamba | bangehlambe | — | bengehlambe | |||
| Class 3 | ungahlamba | — | ungahlamba | ungehlambe | — | ungehlambe | |||
| Class 4 | ingahlamba | — | ingahlamba | ingehlambe | — | ingehlambe | |||
| Class 5 | lingahlamba | — | lingahlamba | lingehlambe | — | lingehlambe | |||
| Class 6 | angahlamba | — | engahlamba | angehlambe | — | engehlambe | |||
| Class 7 | singahlamba | — | singahlamba | singehlambe | — | singehlambe | |||
| Class 8 | zingahlamba | — | zingahlamba | zingehlambe | — | zingehlambe | |||
| Class 9 | ingahlamba | — | ingahlamba | ingehlambe | — | ingehlambe | |||
| Class 10 | zingahlamba | — | zingahlamba | zingehlambe | — | zingehlambe | |||
| Class 11 | lungahlamba | — | lungahlamba | lungehlambe | — | lungehlambe | |||
| Class 14 | bungahlamba | — | bungahlamba | bungehlambe | — | bungehlambe | |||
| Class 15 | kungahlamba | — | kungahlamba | kungehlambe | — | kungehlambe | |||
| Class 17 | kungahlamba | — | kungahlamba | kungehlambe | — | kungehlambe | |||
| Immediate future | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngizohlamba | engizohlamba | ngizohlamba | angizuhlamba | engingezuhlamba | ngingezuhlamba | |||
| 2nd singular | uzohlamba | ozohlamba | uzohlamba | awuzuhlamba | ongezuhlamba | ungezuhlamba | |||
| 1st plural | sizohlamba | esizohlamba | sizohlamba | asizuhlamba | esingezuhlamba | singezuhlamba | |||
| 2nd plural | nizohlamba | enizohlamba | nizohlamba | anizuhlamba | eningezuhlamba | ningezuhlamba | |||
| Class 1 | uzohlamba | ozohlamba | ezohlamba | akazuhlamba | ongezuhlamba | engezuhlamba | |||
| Class 2 | bazohlamba | abazohlamba | bezohlamba | abazuhlamba | abangezuhlamba | bengezuhlamba | |||
| Class 3 | uzohlamba | ozohlamba | uzohlamba | awuzuhlamba | ongezuhlamba | ungezuhlamba | |||
| Class 4 | izohlamba | ezohlamba | izohlamba | ayizuhlamba | engezuhlamba | ingezuhlamba | |||
| Class 5 | lizohlamba | elizohlamba | lizohlamba | alizuhlamba | elingezuhlamba | lingezuhlamba | |||
| Class 6 | azohlamba | azohlamba | ezohlamba | awazuhlamba | angezuhlamba | engezuhlamba | |||
| Class 7 | sizohlamba | esizohlamba | sizohlamba | asizuhlamba | esingezuhlamba | singezuhlamba | |||
| Class 8 | zizohlamba | ezizohlamba | zizohlamba | azizuhlamba | ezingezuhlamba | zingezuhlamba | |||
| Class 9 | izohlamba | ezohlamba | izohlamba | ayizuhlamba | engezuhlamba | ingezuhlamba | |||
| Class 10 | zizohlamba | ezizohlamba | zizohlamba | azizuhlamba | ezingezuhlamba | zingezuhlamba | |||
| Class 11 | luzohlamba | oluzohlamba | luzohlamba | aluzuhlamba | olungezuhlamba | lungezuhlamba | |||
| Class 14 | buzohlamba | obuzohlamba | buzohlamba | abuzuhlamba | obungezuhlamba | bungezuhlamba | |||
| Class 15 | kuzohlamba | okuzohlamba | kuzohlamba | akuzuhlamba | okungezuhlamba | kungezuhlamba | |||
| Class 17 | kuzohlamba | okuzohlamba | kuzohlamba | akuzuhlamba | okungezuhlamba | kungezuhlamba | |||
| Remote future | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiyohlamba | engiyohlamba | ngiyohlamba | angiyuhlamba | engingeyuhlamba | ngingeyuhlamba | |||
| 2nd singular | uyohlamba | oyohlamba | uyohlamba | awuyuhlamba | ongeyuhlamba | ungeyuhlamba | |||
| 1st plural | siyohlamba | esiyohlamba | siyohlamba | asiyuhlamba | esingeyuhlamba | singeyuhlamba | |||
| 2nd plural | niyohlamba | eniyohlamba | niyohlamba | aniyuhlamba | eningeyuhlamba | ningeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 1 | uyohlamba | oyohlamba | eyohlamba | akayuhlamba | ongeyuhlamba | engeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 2 | bayohlamba | abayohlamba | beyohlamba | abayuhlamba | abangeyuhlamba | bengeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 3 | uyohlamba | oyohlamba | uyohlamba | awuyuhlamba | ongeyuhlamba | ungeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 4 | iyohlamba | eyohlamba | iyohlamba | ayiyuhlamba | engeyuhlamba | ingeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 5 | liyohlamba | eliyohlamba | liyohlamba | aliyuhlamba | elingeyuhlamba | lingeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 6 | ayohlamba | ayohlamba | eyohlamba | awayuhlamba | angeyuhlamba | engeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 7 | siyohlamba | esiyohlamba | siyohlamba | asiyuhlamba | esingeyuhlamba | singeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 8 | ziyohlamba | eziyohlamba | ziyohlamba | aziyuhlamba | ezingeyuhlamba | zingeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 9 | iyohlamba | eyohlamba | iyohlamba | ayiyuhlamba | engeyuhlamba | ingeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 10 | ziyohlamba | eziyohlamba | ziyohlamba | aziyuhlamba | ezingeyuhlamba | zingeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 11 | luyohlamba | oluyohlamba | luyohlamba | aluyuhlamba | olungeyuhlamba | lungeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 14 | buyohlamba | obuyohlamba | buyohlamba | abuyuhlamba | obungeyuhlamba | bungeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 15 | kuyohlamba | okuyohlamba | kuyohlamba | akuyuhlamba | okungeyuhlamba | kungeyuhlamba | |||
| Class 17 | kuyohlamba | okuyohlamba | kuyohlamba | akuyuhlamba | okungeyuhlamba | kungeyuhlamba | |||
| Present subjunctive | |||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| 1st singular | ngihlambe | ngingahlambi | |||||||
| 2nd singular | uhlambe | ungahlambi | |||||||
| 1st plural | sihlambe | singahlambi | |||||||
| 2nd plural | nihlambe | ningahlambi | |||||||
| Class 1 | ahlambe | angahlambi | |||||||
| Class 2 | bahlambe | bangahlambi | |||||||
| Class 3 | uhlambe | ungahlambi | |||||||
| Class 4 | ihlambe | ingahlambi | |||||||
| Class 5 | lihlambe | lingahlambi | |||||||
| Class 6 | ahlambe | angahlambi | |||||||
| Class 7 | sihlambe | singahlambi | |||||||
| Class 8 | zihlambe | zingahlambi | |||||||
| Class 9 | ihlambe | ingahlambi | |||||||
| Class 10 | zihlambe | zingahlambi | |||||||
| Class 11 | luhlambe | lungahlambi | |||||||
| Class 14 | buhlambe | bungahlambi | |||||||
| Class 15 | kuhlambe | kungahlambi | |||||||
| Class 17 | kuhlambe | kungahlambi | |||||||
| Past subjunctive | |||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| 1st singular | ngahlamba | ngangahlamba, angahlamba, angangahlamba | |||||||
| 2nd singular | wahlamba | wangahlamba, awahlamba, awangahlamba | |||||||
| 1st plural | sahlamba | sangahlamba, asahlamba, asangahlamba | |||||||
| 2nd plural | nahlamba | nangahlamba, anahlamba, anangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 1 | wahlamba | wangahlamba, akahlamba, akangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 2 | bahlamba | bangahlamba, abahlamba, abangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 3 | wahlamba | wangahlamba, awahlamba, awangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 4 | yahlamba | yangahlamba, ayahlamba, ayangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 5 | lahlamba | langahlamba, alahlamba, alangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 6 | ahlamba | angahlamba, awahlamba, awangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 7 | sahlamba | sangahlamba, asahlamba, asangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 8 | zahlamba | zangahlamba, azahlamba, azangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 9 | yahlamba | yangahlamba, ayahlamba, ayangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 10 | zahlamba | zangahlamba, azahlamba, azangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 11 | lwahlamba | lwangahlamba, alwahlamba, alwangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 14 | bahlamba | bangahlamba, abahlamba, abangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 15 | kwahlamba | kwangahlamba, akwahlamba, akwangahlamba | |||||||
| Class 17 | kwahlamba | kwangahlamba, akwahlamba, akwangahlamba | |||||||
Related terms
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hlamba”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlamba (6.3)”
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