gratar

See also: grătar

Catalan

Etymology

Of Germanic origin; probably borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also English scratch. Compare French gratter, Italian grattare, Sicilian grattari.

Pronunciation

Verb

gratar (first-person singular present grato, first-person singular preterite gratí, past participle gratat)

  1. to scratch (with the nails)
    Synonym: rascar

Conjugation
    Conjugation of gratar (first conjugation)
infinitive gratar
gerund gratant
past participle masculine feminine
singular gratat gratada
plural gratats gratades
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present grato grates grata gratem grateu graten
imperfect gratava grataves gratava gratàvem gratàveu grataven
future grataré grataràs gratarà gratarem gratareu grataran
preterite gratí gratares gratà gratàrem gratàreu grataren
conditional grataria grataries grataria grataríem grataríeu gratarien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present grati gratis grati gratem grateu gratin
imperfect gratés gratessis gratés gratéssim gratéssiu gratessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
affirmative — grata grati gratem grateu gratin
negative (no) — no gratis no grati no gratem no grateu no gratin

Derived terms

Further reading

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto grati, English grate, French gratter, Italian grattare.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡraˈtar/

Verb

gratar (present tense gratas, past tense gratis, future tense gratos, imperative gratez, conditional gratus)

  1. (transitive) to scrape (against), scratch (lightly)

Conjugation
    Conjugation of gratar
present past future
infinitive gratar gratir grator
tense gratas gratis gratos
conditional gratus
imperative gratez
adjective active participle gratanta gratinta gratonta
adverbial active participle gratante gratinte gratonte
nominal active participle singular gratanto gratinto gratonto
plural gratanti gratinti gratonti
adjective passive participle gratata gratita gratota
adverbial passive participle gratate gratite gratote
nominal passive participle singular gratato gratito gratoto
plural gratati gratiti gratoti

Derived terms

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Occitan or Provençal gratar (“to scratch”), of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also English scratch.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡɾaˈtaɾ/ [ɡɾaˈt̪aɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: gra‧tar

Verb

gratar (first-person singular present grato, first-person singular preterite graté, past participle gratado)

  1. (transitive) to clean or polish with a wire brush
    El herrero grató la pieza de metal para darle un acabado suave.
    The blacksmith polished the piece of metal to give it a smooth finish.

Conjugation
    Conjugation of gratar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive gratar
gerund gratando
past participle masculine feminine
singular gratado gratada
plural gratados gratadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present grato gratastú
gratásvos		 grata gratamos gratáis gratan
imperfect grataba gratabas grataba gratábamos gratabais grataban
preterite graté grataste grató gratamos gratasteis grataron
future grataré gratarás gratará grataremos grataréis gratarán
conditional grataría gratarías grataría grataríamos grataríais gratarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present grate gratestú
gratésvos2		 grate gratemos gratéis graten
imperfect
(ra)		 gratara grataras gratara gratáramos gratarais grataran
imperfect
(se)		 gratase gratases gratase gratásemos grataseis gratasen
future1 gratare gratares gratare gratáremos gratareis grataren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative gratatú
gratávos		 grate gratemos gratad graten
negative no grates no grate no gratemos no gratéis no graten

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of gratar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive gratar
dative gratarme gratarte gratarle, gratarse gratarnos grataros gratarles, gratarse
accusative gratarme gratarte gratarlo, gratarla, gratarse gratarnos grataros gratarlos, gratarlas, gratarse
with gerund gratando
dative gratándome gratándote gratándole, gratándose gratándonos gratándoos gratándoles, gratándose
accusative gratándome gratándote gratándolo, gratándola, gratándose gratándonos gratándoos gratándolos, gratándolas, gratándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative grata
dative grátame grátate grátale grátanos not used grátales
accusative grátame grátate grátalo, grátala grátanos not used grátalos, grátalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative gratá
dative gratame gratate gratale gratanos not used gratales
accusative gratame gratate gratalo, gratala gratanos not used gratalos, gratalas
with formal second-person singular imperative grate
dative gráteme not used grátele, grátese grátenos not used gráteles
accusative gráteme not used grátelo, grátela, grátese grátenos not used grátelos, grátelas
with first-person plural imperative gratemos
dative not used gratémoste gratémosle gratémonos gratémoos gratémosles
accusative not used gratémoste gratémoslo, gratémosla gratémonos gratémoos gratémoslos, gratémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative gratad
dative gratadme not used gratadle gratadnos grataos gratadles
accusative gratadme not used gratadlo, gratadla gratadnos grataos gratadlos, gratadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative graten
dative grátenme not used grátenle grátennos not used grátenles, grátense
accusative grátenme not used grátenlo, grátenla grátennos not used grátenlos, grátenlas, grátense

Derived terms

Further reading
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