gr

See also: GR, Gr, .gr, gr., and Gr.

English

Noun

gr

  1. Abbreviation of grain, a unit of mass.
  2. (rare) Abbreviation of gram; the standard symbol for gram since the International System of Units was introduced in 1960 is g.

Anagrams

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /kʼaːɾ/ → /kʼaːʔ/ → /kʼaːʔ/ → /kʼoːʔ/

Verb
g
r		 A2

 2-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) silent [Pyramid Texts to Late Period]
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.12–2.1:
      iMm&a prrD54r
      n      		 kiwgrA2kmrZ1k
      n      		 istA2k
      jmj pr rn.k jw gr.k m r(ꜣ).k njs.t(w).k
      Let your reputation emerge, even as you stay quiet with your mouth when you are summoned.
  2. (intransitive) to be(come) calm, still, dispassionate [New Kingdom]

Inflection
Conjugation of gr (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: gr, geminated stem: grr
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
gr
 grw, gr
 grt
 gr, j.gr
 gr, j.gr
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
gr
 ḥr gr
 m gr
 r gr
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect gr.n
 consecutive gr.jn
terminative grt
perfective3 gr
 obligative1 gr.ḫr
imperfective gr, j.gr1
prospective3 gr
 potentialis1 gr.kꜣ
subjunctive gr, j.gr1
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect gr.n
 — —
perfective gr
 gr
 grr, grrj6, gr2, grw2 5, gry2 5
imperfective j.gr1, gr, gry, grw5
 j.gr1, j.grw1 5, gr, grj6, gry6
 gr, grw5
prospective gr, grtj7
 grtj4, grt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of gr  
g
r
g
r		 Y1V
gr gr
[since the Middle Kingdom]

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϭⲟⲩ (cou)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲱ (cō)

Particle
g
r

 enclitic

  1. also, furthermore, moreover [Old Kingdom to early Middle Kingdom]

Usage notes

This particle can attach to a subject, a verb, or a particle (including the particle of negation nj); unlike the adverb grw, which is often written identically, it does not fall in the syntactic slot of an adverbial element at the end of a clause. In the early Middle Kingdom it fell out of use and was supplanted by grt.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of gr  
ig
r
iA2g
r
jgr jgr
[Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom]

Adverb
g
r
  1. Abbreviation of grw (“also, furthermore, any more”).

References
  • “gr (lemma ID 167750)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “gr (lemma ID 167730)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 177–178.5, 179.9–180.7
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 290
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 241.

Polish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): (singular) /ɡrɔʂ/, (plural nominative) /ˈɡrɔ.ʂɛ/, (plural genitive) /ˈɡrɔ.ʂɨ/
  • Rhymes: -ɔʂ

Noun

gr m inan

  1. Abbreviation of grosz.

Further reading
  • gr in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • gr in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Xhosa

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɣʱ/

Letter

gr (upper case Gr)

  1. A digraph in Xhosa orthography.
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