dweud

Welsh

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Welsh dyweut, from Proto-Celtic *dī-weteti, from Proto-Indo-European *wéth₂-e-ti.[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

dweud (first-person singular present dywedaf or dwedaf)

  1. to say
    Synonyms: ebe, ebra, meddai
  2. to tell (+ wrth)
    Dw i wedi dweud wrth yr athro.
    I have told the teacher

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future dywedaf dywedi dywed dywedwn dywedwch dywedant dywedir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 dywedwn dywedit dywedai dywedem dywedech dywedent dywedid
preterite dywedais dywedaist dywedodd dywedasom dywedasoch dywedasant dywedwyd
pluperfect dywedaswn dywedasit dywedasai dywedasem dywedasech dywedasent dywedasid, dywedesid
present subjunctive dywedwyf dywedych dywedo dywedom dywedoch dywedont dyweder
imperative — dywed, dyweda dyweded dywedwn dywedwch dywedent dyweder
verbal noun dweud
verbal adjectives dywededig
dywedadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future dweda i, dwedaf i dwedi di dwedith o/e/hi, dwediff e/hi dwedwn ni dwedwch chi dwedan nhw
conditional dwedwn i, dwedswn i dwedet ti, dwedset ti dwedai fo/fe/hi, dwedsai fo/fe/hi dweden ni, dwedsen ni dwedech chi, dwedsech chi dweden nhw, dwedsen nhw
preterite dwedais i, dwedes i dwedaist ti, dwedest ti dwedodd o/e/hi dwedon ni dwedoch chi dwedon nhw
imperative — dweda — — dwedwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.
  • Obsolete form of third-person singular preterite: dywod

Derived terms
  • ail-ddweud (“repeat”, verb)
  • rhagddweud (“predict”, verb)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
dweud ddweud nweud unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dweud”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 418-9
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