deure
Catalan
    
    Etymology
    
Inherited from Latin dēbēre (“owe”) (probably through a Vulgar Latin root *debĕre). Compare Occitan deure, dever, French devoir, Spanish deber.
Pronunciation
    
Verb
    
deure (first-person singular present dec, first-person singular preterite deguí, past participle degut); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencian) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/
Usage notes
    
While deu INFINITIVE as have to INFINTIVE of obligation is the general historical usage, nowadays in most of Central Catalan deu INFINITIVE has only the meaning of INFINTIVE can be supposed. Compare:
- Se'n va anar corrents, devia tenir pressa ― He ran away, perhaps he was in a hurry
- Se'n va anar corrents, havia de tenir pressa ― He ran away, he had to be in a hurry
Conjugation
    
| infinitive | deure | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | devent | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | degut | deguda | |||||
| plural | deguts | degudes | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | dec | deus | deu | devem | deveu | deuen | |
| imperfect | devia | devies | devia | devíem | devíeu | devien | |
| future | deuré | deuràs | deurà | deurem | deureu | deuran | |
| preterite | deguí | degueres | degué | deguérem | deguéreu | degueren | |
| conditional | deuria | deuries | deuria | deuríem | deuríeu | deurien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | degui | deguis | degui | deguem | degueu | deguin | |
| imperfect | degués | deguessis | degués | deguéssim | deguéssiu | deguessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| affirmative | — | deu | degui | deguem | deveu | deguin | |
| negative (no) | — | no deguis | no degui | no deguem | no degueu | no deguin | |
Further reading
    
- “deure” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “deure”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “deure” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “deure” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Latin
    
    Pronunciation
    
- (Classical) IPA(key): /deˈuː.re/, [d̪eˈuːrɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /deˈu.re/, [d̪eˈuːre]
Occitan
    
    Alternative forms
    
Etymology
    
From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin dēbēre, present active infinitive of dēbeō (“I owe”) (probably through a Vulgar Latin root *debĕre).
Pronunciation
    
- Audio (Languedocien) - (file) 
Conjugation
    
 Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
 Lengadocian (Central Occitan)| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | deure | aver degut | |||||
| gerund | devent | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | degut | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | devi | deves | deu | devèm | devètz | devon | |
| imperfect | deviái | deviás | deviá | deviam | deviatz | devián | |
| preterite | deguèri | deguères | deguèt | deguèrem | deguèretz | deguèron | |
| future | deurai | deuràs | deurà | deurem | deuretz | deuràn | |
| conditional | deuriái | deuriás | deuriá | deuriam | deuriatz | deurián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | {{{49}}} | {{{50}}} | {{{51}}} | {{{52}}} | {{{53}}} | {{{54}}} | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | dega | degas | dega | degam | degatz | degan | |
| imperfect | deguèsse | deguèsses | deguèsse | deguèssem | deguèssetz | deguèsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| deu | degam | devètz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Derived terms
    
- redeure
West Flemish
    
    Etymology
    
From Middle Dutch duere, variant of dōre, from Old Dutch duri, from Proto-Germanic *durz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“doorway, door, gate”).