cychwyn

Welsh

Etymology

Proto-Celtic *kom-skʷend-, from the Proto-Indo-European root *sk(ʷ)end- (“jump, climb”). Compare echwyn.

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)
  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkəχwɨ̞n/
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkəχwɪn/

Noun

cychwyn m (uncountable)

  1. beginning, start

Verb

cychwyn (first-person singular present cychwynnaf)

  1. (transitive or intransitive) to begin, to start
    Synonym: dechrau
    Antonyms: bennu, cwpla, dibennu, gorffen, diweddu

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future cychwynnaf cychwynni cychwyn, cychwynna cychwynnwn cychwynnwch cychwynnant cychwynnir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 cychwynnwn cychwynnit cychwynnai cychwynnem cychwynnech cychwynnent cychwynnid
preterite cychwynnais cychwynnaist cychwynnodd cychwynasom cychwynasoch cychwynasant cychwynnwyd
pluperfect cychwynaswn cychwynasit cychwynasai cychwynasem cychwynasech cychwynasent cychwynasid, cychwynesid
present subjunctive cychwynnwyf cychwynnych cychwynno cychwynnom cychwynnoch cychwynnont cychwynner
imperative — cychwynna cychwynned cychwynnwn cychwynnwch cychwynnent cychwynner
verbal noun cychwyn
verbal adjectives cychwynedig
cychwynadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future cychwynna i, cychwynnaf i cychwynni di cychwynnith o/e/hi, cychwynniff e/hi cychwynnwn ni cychwynnwch chi cychwynnan nhw
conditional cychwynnwn i, cychwynnswn i cychwynnet ti, cychwynnset ti cychwynnai fo/fe/hi, cychwynnsai fo/fe/hi cychwynnen ni, cychwynnsen ni cychwynnech chi, cychwynnsech chi cychwynnen nhw, cychwynnsen nhw
preterite cychwynnais i, cychwynnes i cychwynnaist ti, cychwynnest ti cychwynnodd o/e/hi cychwynnon ni cychwynnoch chi cychwynnon nhw
imperative — cychwynna — — cychwynnwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms
  • ailgychwyn (“to restart”)
  • cychwynfa (“starting-point, origin”)
  • cychwyniad (“beginning, initiation”)
  • cychwynnol (“initial, original, starting”)
  • cychwynnwr (“starter”)
  • cychwynnydd (“starter”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
cychwyn gychwyn nghychwyn chychwyn
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cychwyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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