cunula

Northern Ndebele

Verb

-cúnula

  1. to offend

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From the ideophone cunu.

Verb

-cunula

  1. (transitive) to disgust, to nauseate, to sicken
  2. (transitive) to annoy, to harass, to irk, to pester, to upset, to vex

Inflection
Tone L
Infinitive ukucunula
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukucunula ukungacunuli
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular cunula -cunule
Plural cunulani -cunuleni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyacunula, ngicunula engicunulayo, engicunula ngicunula angicunuli engingacunuli ngingacunuli
2nd singular uyacunula, ucunula ocunulayo, ocunula ucunula awucunuli ongacunuli ungacunuli
1st plural siyacunula, sicunula esicunulayo, esicunula sicunula asicunuli esingacunuli singacunuli
2nd plural niyacunula, nicunula enicunulayo, enicunula nicunula anicunuli eningacunuli ningacunuli
Class 1 uyacunula, ucunula ocunulayo, ocunula ecunula akacunuli ongacunuli engacunuli
Class 2 bayacunula, bacunula abacunulayo, abacunula becunula abacunuli abangacunuli bengacunuli
Class 3 uyacunula, ucunula ocunulayo, ocunula ucunula awucunuli ongacunuli ungacunuli
Class 4 iyacunula, icunula ecunulayo, ecunula icunula ayicunuli engacunuli ingacunuli
Class 5 liyacunula, licunula elicunulayo, elicunula licunula alicunuli elingacunuli lingacunuli
Class 6 ayacunula, acunula acunulayo, acunula ecunula awacunuli angacunuli engacunuli
Class 7 siyacunula, sicunula esicunulayo, esicunula sicunula asicunuli esingacunuli singacunuli
Class 8 ziyacunula, zicunula ezicunulayo, ezicunula zicunula azicunuli ezingacunuli zingacunuli
Class 9 iyacunula, icunula ecunulayo, ecunula icunula ayicunuli engacunuli ingacunuli
Class 10 ziyacunula, zicunula ezicunulayo, ezicunula zicunula azicunuli ezingacunuli zingacunuli
Class 11 luyacunula, lucunula olucunulayo, olucunula lucunula alucunuli olungacunuli lungacunuli
Class 14 buyacunula, bucunula obucunulayo, obucunula bucunula abucunuli obungacunuli bungacunuli
Class 15 kuyacunula, kucunula okucunulayo, okucunula kucunula akucunuli okungacunuli kungacunuli
Class 17 kuyacunula, kucunula okucunulayo, okucunula kucunula akucunuli okungacunuli kungacunuli
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngicunulile, ngicunulē engicunulile, engicunulē ngicunulile, ngicunulē angicunulanga engingacunulanga ngingacunulanga
2nd singular ucunulile, ucunulē ocunulile, ocunulē ucunulile, ucunulē awucunulanga ongacunulanga ungacunulanga
1st plural sicunulile, sicunulē esicunulile, esicunulē sicunulile, sicunulē asicunulanga esingacunulanga singacunulanga
2nd plural nicunulile, nicunulē enicunulile, enicunulē nicunulile, nicunulē anicunulanga eningacunulanga ningacunulanga
Class 1 ucunulile, ucunulē ocunulile, ocunulē ecunulile, ecunulē akacunulanga ongacunulanga engacunulanga
Class 2 bacunulile, bacunulē abacunulile, abacunulē becunulile, becunulē abacunulanga abangacunulanga bengacunulanga
Class 3 ucunulile, ucunulē ocunulile, ocunulē ucunulile, ucunulē awucunulanga ongacunulanga ungacunulanga
Class 4 icunulile, icunulē ecunulile, ecunulē icunulile, icunulē ayicunulanga engacunulanga ingacunulanga
Class 5 licunulile, licunulē elicunulile, elicunulē licunulile, licunulē alicunulanga elingacunulanga lingacunulanga
Class 6 acunulile, acunulē acunulile, acunulē ecunulile, ecunulē awacunulanga angacunulanga engacunulanga
Class 7 sicunulile, sicunulē esicunulile, esicunulē sicunulile, sicunulē asicunulanga esingacunulanga singacunulanga
Class 8 zicunulile, zicunulē ezicunulile, ezicunulē zicunulile, zicunulē azicunulanga ezingacunulanga zingacunulanga
Class 9 icunulile, icunulē ecunulile, ecunulē icunulile, icunulē ayicunulanga engacunulanga ingacunulanga
Class 10 zicunulile, zicunulē ezicunulile, ezicunulē zicunulile, zicunulē azicunulanga ezingacunulanga zingacunulanga
Class 11 lucunulile, lucunulē olucunulile, olucunulē lucunulile, lucunulē alucunulanga olungacunulanga lungacunulanga
Class 14 bucunulile, bucunulē obucunulile, obucunulē bucunulile, bucunulē abucunulanga obungacunulanga bungacunulanga
Class 15 kucunulile, kucunulē okucunulile, okucunulē kucunulile, kucunulē akucunulanga okungacunulanga kungacunulanga
Class 17 kucunulile, kucunulē okucunulile, okucunulē kucunulile, kucunulē akucunulanga okungacunulanga kungacunulanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngācunula engācunula ngācunula angicunulanga engingacunulanga ngingacunulanga
2nd singular wācunula owācunula wācunula awucunulanga ongacunulanga ungacunulanga
1st plural sācunula esācunula sācunula asicunulanga esingacunulanga singacunulanga
2nd plural nācunula enācunula nācunula anicunulanga eningacunulanga ningacunulanga
Class 1 wācunula owācunula ācunula akacunulanga ongacunulanga engacunulanga
Class 2 bācunula abācunula bācunula abacunulanga abangacunulanga bengacunulanga
Class 3 wācunula owācunula wācunula awucunulanga ongacunulanga ungacunulanga
Class 4 yācunula eyācunula yācunula ayicunulanga engacunulanga ingacunulanga
Class 5 lācunula elācunula lācunula alicunulanga elingacunulanga lingacunulanga
Class 6 ācunula ācunula ācunula awacunulanga angacunulanga engacunulanga
Class 7 sācunula esācunula sācunula asicunulanga esingacunulanga singacunulanga
Class 8 zācunula ezācunula zācunula azicunulanga ezingacunulanga zingacunulanga
Class 9 yācunula eyācunula yācunula ayicunulanga engacunulanga ingacunulanga
Class 10 zācunula ezācunula zācunula azicunulanga ezingacunulanga zingacunulanga
Class 11 lwācunula olwācunula lwācunula alucunulanga olungacunulanga lungacunulanga
Class 14 bācunula obācunula bācunula abucunulanga obungacunulanga bungacunulanga
Class 15 kwācunula okwācunula kwācunula akucunulanga okungacunulanga kungacunulanga
Class 17 kwācunula okwācunula kwācunula akucunulanga okungacunulanga kungacunulanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingacunula — ngingacunula ngingecunule — ngingecunule
2nd singular ungacunula — ungacunula ungecunule — ungecunule
1st plural singacunula — singacunula singecunule — singecunule
2nd plural ningacunula — ningacunula ningecunule — ningecunule
Class 1 angacunula — engacunula angecunule — engecunule
Class 2 bangacunula — bengacunula bangecunule — bengecunule
Class 3 ungacunula — ungacunula ungecunule — ungecunule
Class 4 ingacunula — ingacunula ingecunule — ingecunule
Class 5 lingacunula — lingacunula lingecunule — lingecunule
Class 6 angacunula — engacunula angecunule — engecunule
Class 7 singacunula — singacunula singecunule — singecunule
Class 8 zingacunula — zingacunula zingecunule — zingecunule
Class 9 ingacunula — ingacunula ingecunule — ingecunule
Class 10 zingacunula — zingacunula zingecunule — zingecunule
Class 11 lungacunula — lungacunula lungecunule — lungecunule
Class 14 bungacunula — bungacunula bungecunule — bungecunule
Class 15 kungacunula — kungacunula kungecunule — kungecunule
Class 17 kungacunula — kungacunula kungecunule — kungecunule
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizocunula engizocunula ngizocunula angizucunula engingezucunula ngingezucunula
2nd singular uzocunula ozocunula uzocunula awuzucunula ongezucunula ungezucunula
1st plural sizocunula esizocunula sizocunula asizucunula esingezucunula singezucunula
2nd plural nizocunula enizocunula nizocunula anizucunula eningezucunula ningezucunula
Class 1 uzocunula ozocunula ezocunula akazucunula ongezucunula engezucunula
Class 2 bazocunula abazocunula bezocunula abazucunula abangezucunula bengezucunula
Class 3 uzocunula ozocunula uzocunula awuzucunula ongezucunula ungezucunula
Class 4 izocunula ezocunula izocunula ayizucunula engezucunula ingezucunula
Class 5 lizocunula elizocunula lizocunula alizucunula elingezucunula lingezucunula
Class 6 azocunula azocunula ezocunula awazucunula angezucunula engezucunula
Class 7 sizocunula esizocunula sizocunula asizucunula esingezucunula singezucunula
Class 8 zizocunula ezizocunula zizocunula azizucunula ezingezucunula zingezucunula
Class 9 izocunula ezocunula izocunula ayizucunula engezucunula ingezucunula
Class 10 zizocunula ezizocunula zizocunula azizucunula ezingezucunula zingezucunula
Class 11 luzocunula oluzocunula luzocunula aluzucunula olungezucunula lungezucunula
Class 14 buzocunula obuzocunula buzocunula abuzucunula obungezucunula bungezucunula
Class 15 kuzocunula okuzocunula kuzocunula akuzucunula okungezucunula kungezucunula
Class 17 kuzocunula okuzocunula kuzocunula akuzucunula okungezucunula kungezucunula
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyocunula engiyocunula ngiyocunula angiyucunula engingeyucunula ngingeyucunula
2nd singular uyocunula oyocunula uyocunula awuyucunula ongeyucunula ungeyucunula
1st plural siyocunula esiyocunula siyocunula asiyucunula esingeyucunula singeyucunula
2nd plural niyocunula eniyocunula niyocunula aniyucunula eningeyucunula ningeyucunula
Class 1 uyocunula oyocunula eyocunula akayucunula ongeyucunula engeyucunula
Class 2 bayocunula abayocunula beyocunula abayucunula abangeyucunula bengeyucunula
Class 3 uyocunula oyocunula uyocunula awuyucunula ongeyucunula ungeyucunula
Class 4 iyocunula eyocunula iyocunula ayiyucunula engeyucunula ingeyucunula
Class 5 liyocunula eliyocunula liyocunula aliyucunula elingeyucunula lingeyucunula
Class 6 ayocunula ayocunula eyocunula awayucunula angeyucunula engeyucunula
Class 7 siyocunula esiyocunula siyocunula asiyucunula esingeyucunula singeyucunula
Class 8 ziyocunula eziyocunula ziyocunula aziyucunula ezingeyucunula zingeyucunula
Class 9 iyocunula eyocunula iyocunula ayiyucunula engeyucunula ingeyucunula
Class 10 ziyocunula eziyocunula ziyocunula aziyucunula ezingeyucunula zingeyucunula
Class 11 luyocunula oluyocunula luyocunula aluyucunula olungeyucunula lungeyucunula
Class 14 buyocunula obuyocunula buyocunula abuyucunula obungeyucunula bungeyucunula
Class 15 kuyocunula okuyocunula kuyocunula akuyucunula okungeyucunula kungeyucunula
Class 17 kuyocunula okuyocunula kuyocunula akuyucunula okungeyucunula kungeyucunula
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngicunule ngingacunuli
2nd singular ucunule ungacunuli
1st plural sicunule singacunuli
2nd plural nicunule ningacunuli
Class 1 acunule angacunuli
Class 2 bacunule bangacunuli
Class 3 ucunule ungacunuli
Class 4 icunule ingacunuli
Class 5 licunule lingacunuli
Class 6 acunule angacunuli
Class 7 sicunule singacunuli
Class 8 zicunule zingacunuli
Class 9 icunule ingacunuli
Class 10 zicunule zingacunuli
Class 11 lucunule lungacunuli
Class 14 bucunule bungacunuli
Class 15 kucunule kungacunuli
Class 17 kucunule kungacunuli
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngacunula ngangacunula, angacunula, angangacunula
2nd singular wacunula wangacunula, awacunula, awangacunula
1st plural sacunula sangacunula, asacunula, asangacunula
2nd plural nacunula nangacunula, anacunula, anangacunula
Class 1 wacunula wangacunula, akacunula, akangacunula
Class 2 bacunula bangacunula, abacunula, abangacunula
Class 3 wacunula wangacunula, awacunula, awangacunula
Class 4 yacunula yangacunula, ayacunula, ayangacunula
Class 5 lacunula langacunula, alacunula, alangacunula
Class 6 acunula angacunula, awacunula, awangacunula
Class 7 sacunula sangacunula, asacunula, asangacunula
Class 8 zacunula zangacunula, azacunula, azangacunula
Class 9 yacunula yangacunula, ayacunula, ayangacunula
Class 10 zacunula zangacunula, azacunula, azangacunula
Class 11 lwacunula lwangacunula, alwacunula, alwangacunula
Class 14 bacunula bangacunula, abacunula, abangacunula
Class 15 kwacunula kwangacunula, akwacunula, akwangacunula
Class 17 kwacunula kwangacunula, akwacunula, akwangacunula

Derived terms

References
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