cruthaigh
Irish
    
    Alternative forms
    
- crothuigh, crothaigh, cruthuigh (obsolete)[1]
Etymology
    
From Old Irish cruthaigidir.[2] By surface analysis, cruth + -igh.
Verb
    
cruthaigh (present analytic cruthaíonn, future analytic cruthóidh, verbal noun cruthú, past participle cruthaithe)
Conjugation
    
conjugation of cruthaigh (second conjugation)
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | cruthaím | cruthaíonn tú; cruthaír† | cruthaíonn sé, sí | cruthaímid; cruthaíonn muid | cruthaíonn sibh | cruthaíonn siad; cruthaíd† | a chruthaíonn; a chruthaíos / a gcruthaíonn*; a gcruthaíos* | cruthaítear | 
| past | chruthaigh mé; chruthaíos | chruthaigh tú; chruthaís | chruthaigh sé, sí | chruthaíomar; chruthaigh muid | chruthaigh sibh; chruthaíobhair | chruthaigh siad; chruthaíodar | a chruthaigh / ar chruthaigh* | cruthaíodh | |
| past habitual | chruthaínn / gcruthaínn‡‡ | chruthaíteá / gcruthaíteᇇ | chruthaíodh sé, sí / gcruthaíodh sé, s퇇 | chruthaímis; chruthaíodh muid / gcruthaímis‡‡; gcruthaíodh muid‡‡ | chruthaíodh sibh / gcruthaíodh sibh‡‡ | chruthaídís; chruthaíodh siad / gcruthaídís‡‡; gcruthaíodh siad‡‡ | a chruthaíodh / a gcruthaíodh* | chruthaítí / gcruthaít퇇 | |
| future | cruthóidh mé; cruthód; cruthóchaidh mé† | cruthóidh tú; cruthóir†; cruthóchaidh tú† | cruthóidh sé, sí; cruthóchaidh sé, sí† | cruthóimid; cruthóidh muid; cruthóchaimid†; cruthóchaidh muid† | cruthóidh sibh; cruthóchaidh sibh† | cruthóidh siad; cruthóid†; cruthóchaidh siad† | a chruthóidh; a chruthós; a chruthóchaidh†; a chruthóchas† / a gcruthóidh*; a gcruthós*; a gcruthóchaidh*†; a gcruthóchas*† | cruthófar; cruthóchar† | |
| conditional | chruthóinn; chruthóchainn† / gcruthóinn‡‡; gcruthóchainn†‡‡ | chruthófá; chruthóchthᆠ/ gcruthófᇇ; gcruthóchthᆇ‡ | chruthódh sé, sí; chruthóchadh sé, sí† / gcruthódh sé, s퇇; gcruthóchadh sé, s톇‡ | chruthóimis; chruthódh muid; chruthóchaimis†; chruthóchadh muid† / gcruthóimis‡‡; gcruthódh muid‡‡; gcruthóchaimis†‡‡; gcruthóchadh muid†‡‡ | chruthódh sibh; chruthóchadh sibh† / gcruthódh sibh‡‡; gcruthóchadh sibh†‡‡ | chruthóidís; chruthódh siad; chruthóchadh siad† / gcruthóidís‡‡; gcruthódh siad‡‡; gcruthóchadh siad†‡‡ | a chruthódh; a chruthóchadh† / a gcruthódh*; a gcruthóchadh*† | chruthófaí; chruthóchthaí† / gcruthófa퇇; gcruthóchtha톇‡ | |
| subjunctive | present | go gcruthaí mé; go gcruthaíod† | go gcruthaí tú; go gcruthaír† | go gcruthaí sé, sí | go gcruthaímid; go gcruthaí muid | go gcruthaí sibh | go gcruthaí siad; go gcruthaíd† | — | go gcruthaítear | 
| past | dá gcruthaínn | dá gcruthaíteá | dá gcruthaíodh sé, sí | dá gcruthaímis; dá gcruthaíodh muid | dá gcruthaíodh sibh | dá gcruthaídís; dá gcruthaíodh siad | — | dá gcruthaítí | |
| imperative | cruthaím | cruthaigh | cruthaíodh sé, sí | cruthaímis | cruthaígí; cruthaídh† | cruthaídís | — | cruthaítear | |
| verbal noun | cruthú | ||||||||
| past participle | cruthaithe | ||||||||
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
    
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis | 
| cruthaigh | chruthaigh | gcruthaigh | 
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
    
- “cruthaigh”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “cruthaigidir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Further reading
    
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cruṫuiġim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 204
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cruthaigh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
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