cear
Galician
    
    Etymology 1
    
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cẽar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cēnāre (“to dine”). Cognate with Portuguese cear and Spanish cenar.
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /θeˈaɾ/, (western) /seˈaɾ/
Verb
    
cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)
- to dine
Conjugation
    
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (ti) | Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | cear | |||||
| Personal | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen | 
| Gerund | ||||||
| ceando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | ceado | ceados | ||||
| Feminine | ceada | ceadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | ceo | ceas | cea | ceamos | ceades | cean | 
| Imperfect | ceaba | ceabas | ceaba | ceabamos | ceabades | ceaban | 
| Preterite | ceei | ceaches | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearon | 
| Pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearan | 
| Future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearán | 
| Conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearían | 
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | cee | cees | cee | ceemos | ceedes | ceen | 
| Imperfect | cease | ceases | cease | ceásemos | ceásedes | ceasen | 
| Future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen | 
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | cea | cee | ceemos | ceade | ceen | |
| Negative (non) | non cees | non cee | non ceemos | non ceedes | non ceen | |
1Less recommended.
Related terms
    
Etymology 2
    
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cear, from Latin zelāre (“to be jealous of”). Cognate with Portuguese zelar and Spanish celar.
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /θeˈaɾ/, (western) /seˈaɾ/
Verb
    
cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)
Conjugation
    
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (ti) | Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | cear | |||||
| Personal | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen | 
| Gerund | ||||||
| ceando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | ceado | ceados | ||||
| Feminine | ceada | ceadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | ceo | ceas | cea | ceamos | ceades | cean | 
| Imperfect | ceaba | ceabas | ceaba | ceabamos | ceabades | ceaban | 
| Preterite | ceei | ceaches | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearon | 
| Pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearan | 
| Future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearán | 
| Conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearían | 
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | cee | cees | cee | ceemos | ceedes | ceen | 
| Imperfect | cease | ceases | cease | ceásemos | ceásedes | ceasen | 
| Future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen | 
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | cea | cee | ceemos | ceade | ceen | |
| Negative (non) | non cees | non cee | non ceemos | non ceedes | non ceen | |
1Less recommended.
Etymology 3
    
Unknown. Cognate with Portuguese ciar, Spanish ciar, Old Occitan siar.[1]
Alternative forms
    
- ciar, zuiar, zuír
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /seˈaɾ/
Verb
    
cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)
Conjugation
    
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (ti) | Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | cear | |||||
| Personal | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen | 
| Gerund | ||||||
| ceando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | ceado | ceados | ||||
| Feminine | ceada | ceadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | ceo | ceas | cea | ceamos | ceades | cean | 
| Imperfect | ceaba | ceabas | ceaba | ceabamos | ceabades | ceaban | 
| Preterite | ceei | ceaches | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearon | 
| Pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearan | 
| Future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearán | 
| Conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearían | 
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | cee | cees | cee | ceemos | ceedes | ceen | 
| Imperfect | cease | ceases | cease | ceásemos | ceásedes | ceasen | 
| Future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen | 
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | cea | cee | ceemos | ceade | ceen | |
| Negative (non) | non cees | non cee | non ceemos | non ceedes | non ceen | |
1Less recommended.
References
    
- “cear” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “cear” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “cear” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “cear” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “cear” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
- Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “ciar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Old Galician-Portuguese
    
    Pronunciation
    
- Rhymes: -aɾ
Conjugation
    
| infinitive | simple | cear | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| gerund | simple | ceando | |||||||
| compound | gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
| masculine | ceado | ceada | |||||||
| feminine | ceados | ceadas | |||||||
| present participle | ceante | ceantes | |||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative mood | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras | vos vos outros vos outras | eles elas | |||
| simple tenses | present | ceio1, ceo2 | ceias1, ceas2 | ceia1, cea2 | ceamos | ceades | ceiam3, cean4 | ||
| imperfect | ceava | ceavas | ceava | ceavamos | ceavades | ceavam3, ceavan4 | |||
| preterite | ceei | ceaste3, ceasche4 | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearom3, cearon4 | |||
| pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearam3, cearan4 | |||
| future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearám3, cearán4 | |||
| conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearíam3, cearían4 | |||
| compound tenses | present perfect | present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
| present imperfect | imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| past anterior | preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| pluperfect | simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| future perfect | future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| subjunctive mood | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras | vos vos outros vos outras | eles elas | |||
| simple tenses | present | ceie1, cee2 | ceies1, cees2 | ceie1, cee2 | ceemos | ceedes | ceiem3, ceen4 | ||
| preterite | ceasse | ceasses | ceasse | ceássemos | ceássedes | ceassem3, ceassen4 | |||
| future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem3, cearen4 | |||
| compound tenses | present perfect | present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
| pluperfect | preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| future perfect | future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| imperative mood | — | tu | vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras | vos vos outros vos outras | — | |||
| affirmative | — | ceia1, cea2 | ceie1, cee2 | ceemos | ceade | — | |||
| negative | — | non ceies1, non cees2 | non ceie1, non cee2 | non ceemos | non ceedes | — | |||
| personal infinitive | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras | vos vos outros vos outras | eles elas | |||
| cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem3, cearen4 | ||||
| 1 Its alternative form aver can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver". 3 Less common in Galicia 4 Less common in Portugal | |||||||||
Descendants
    
- Galician: cear
Further reading
    
Conjugation
    
| infinitive | simple | cear | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| gerund | simple | ceando | |||||||
| compound | gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
| masculine | ceado | ceada | |||||||
| feminine | ceados | ceadas | |||||||
| present participle | ceante | ceantes | |||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative mood | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras | vos vos outros vos outras | eles elas | |||
| simple tenses | present | ceio1, ceo2 | ceias1, ceas2 | ceia1, cea2 | ceamos | ceades | ceiam3, cean4 | ||
| imperfect | ceava | ceavas | ceava | ceavamos | ceavades | ceavam3, ceavan4 | |||
| preterite | ceei | ceaste3, ceasche4 | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearom3, cearon4 | |||
| pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearam3, cearan4 | |||
| future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearám3, cearán4 | |||
| conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearíam3, cearían4 | |||
| compound tenses | present perfect | present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
| present imperfect | imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| past anterior | preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| pluperfect | simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| future perfect | future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| subjunctive mood | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras | vos vos outros vos outras | eles elas | |||
| simple tenses | present | ceie1, cee2 | ceies1, cees2 | ceie1, cee2 | ceemos | ceedes | ceiem3, ceen4 | ||
| preterite | ceasse | ceasses | ceasse | ceássemos | ceássedes | ceassem3, ceassen4 | |||
| future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem3, cearen4 | |||
| compound tenses | present perfect | present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
| pluperfect | preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| future perfect | future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
| imperative mood | — | tu | vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras | vos vos outros vos outras | — | |||
| affirmative | — | ceia1, cea2 | ceie1, cee2 | ceemos | ceade | — | |||
| negative | — | non ceies1, non cees2 | non ceie1, non cee2 | non ceemos | non ceedes | — | |||
| personal infinitive | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras | vos vos outros vos outras | eles elas | |||
| cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem3, cearen4 | ||||
| 1 Its alternative form aver can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver". 3 Less common in Galicia 4 Less common in Portugal | |||||||||
Portuguese
    
    Etymology
    
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cẽar, from Latin cēnāre (“to dine”). Cognate with Galician cear, Spanish cenar and Italian cenare.
Pronunciation
    
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /seˈa(ʁ)/ [seˈa(h)], /siˈa(ʁ)/ [sɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ʁ)/ [ˈsja(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /seˈa(ɾ)/, /siˈa(ɾ)/ [sɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /seˈa(ʁ)/ [seˈa(χ)], /siˈa(ʁ)/ [sɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ʁ)/ [ˈsja(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /seˈa(ɻ)/
 
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈsjaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈsja.ɾi/
 
Verb
    
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
Conjugation
    
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | cear | |||||
| Personal | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem | 
| Gerund | ||||||
| ceando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | ceado | ceados | ||||
| Feminine | ceada | ceadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | ceio | ceias | ceia | ceamos | ceais | ceiam | 
| Imperfect | ceava | ceavas | ceava | ceávamos | ceáveis | ceavam | 
| Preterite | ceei | ceaste | ceou | ceamos1, ceámos2 | ceastes | cearam | 
| Pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | ceáramos | ceáreis | cearam | 
| Future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | ceareis | cearão | 
| Conditional | cearia | cearias | cearia | cearíamos | cearíeis | ceariam | 
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | ceie | ceies | ceie | ceemos | ceeis | ceiem | 
| Imperfect | ceasse | ceasses | ceasse | ceássemos | ceásseis | ceassem | 
| Future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem | 
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | ceia | ceie | ceemos | ceai | ceiem | |
| Negative (não) | não ceies | não ceie | não ceemos | não ceeis | não ceiem | |
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.