cathach

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish cathach (“relic, reliquary”).

Noun

cathach m or f (genitive singular cathaigh or cathaí)

  1. battle reliquary
Declension
Declension of cathach

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative cathach
Vocative a chathaigh
Genitive cathaigh
Dative cathach

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an cathach
Genitive an chathaigh
Dative leis an gcathach

don chathach

Alternative declension
Declension of cathach

Second declension

Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative cathach
Vocative a chathach
Genitive cathaí
Dative cathach

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular
Nominative an chathach
Genitive na cathaí
Dative leis an gcathach

don chathach

Etymology 2

From Old Irish cathach (“bellicose, warlike; vehement, forceful”). By surface analysis, cath (“battle”) +‎ -ach (adjectival suffix).

Adjective

cathach (genitive singular masculine cathaigh, genitive singular feminine cathaí, plural cathacha, comparative cathaí)

  1. battling, warlike
Declension
Declension of cathach
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative cathach chathach cathacha;
chathacha²
Vocative chathaigh cathacha
Genitive cathaí cathacha cathach
Dative cathach;
chathach¹		 chathach;
chathaigh (archaic)		 cathacha;
chathacha²
Comparative níos cathaí
Superlative is cathaí

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Alternative forms
  • cathaitheach

Adjective

cathach (genitive singular masculine cathaigh, genitive singular feminine cathaí, plural cathacha, comparative cathaí)

  1. Alternative form of cathaitheach (“tempting; regretful, sorrowful”)
Declension
Declension of cathach
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative cathach chathach cathacha;
chathacha²
Vocative chathaigh cathacha
Genitive cathaí cathacha cathach
Dative cathach;
chathach¹		 chathach;
chathaigh (archaic)		 cathacha;
chathacha²
Comparative níos cathaí
Superlative is cathaí

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
cathach chathach gcathach
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

From cath (“battle”) +‎ -ach.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkaθax/

Adjective

cathach

  1. bellicose, warlike
  2. vehement, forceful

Inflection
o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative cathach cathach cathach
Vocative cathaig*
cathach**
Accusative cathach cathaig
Genitive cathaig cathaige cathaig
Dative cathuch cathaig cathuch
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative cathaig cathacha
Vocative cathachu
cathacha†
Accusative cathachu
cathacha†
Genitive cathach
Dative cathachaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Irish: cathach

Noun

cathach f (genitive cathaige, nominative plural cathacha)

  1. relic, reliquary (from the use of relics in battle to ensure victory)

Inflection
Feminine ā-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative cathachL cathaigL cathachaH
Vocative cathachL cathaigL cathachaH
Accusative cathaigN cathaigL cathachaH
Genitive cathaigeH cathachL cathachN
Dative cathaigL cathachaib cathachaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
cathach chathach cathach
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
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