caer
Asturian
Galician
Alternative forms
- caír
- cair (reintegrationist)
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese caer, from Late Latin cadēre, from Latin cadĕre. Compare Portuguese cair, Spanish caer, French choir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaˈeɾ/
- Rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)
Verb
caer (first-person singular present caio, first-person singular preterite caín, past participle caído)
Conjugation
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | caer | |||||
| Personal | caer | caeres | caer | caermos | caerdes | caeren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| caendo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | caído | caídos | ||||
| Feminine | caída | caídas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | caio | caes | cae | caemos | caedes | caen |
| Imperfect | caía | caías | caía | caïamos | caïades | caían |
| Preterite | caín | caíches | caeu | caemos | caestes | caeron |
| Pluperfect | caera | caeras | caera | caeramos | caerades | caeran |
| Future | caerei | caerás | caerá | caeremos | caeredes | caerán |
| Conditional | caería | caerías | caería | caeriamos | caeriades | caerían |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | caia | caias | caia | caiamos | caiades | caian |
| Imperfect | caese | caeses | caese | caésemos | caésedes | caesen |
| Future | caer | caeres | caer | caermos | caerdes | caeren |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | cae | caia | caiamos | caede | caian | |
| Negative (non) | non caias | non caia | non caiamos | non caiades | non caian | |
Derived terms
- caer auga a caldeiros
- caer ben
- caer chuzos de punta
- caer de cu
- caer de fuciños
References
- “caer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “caer” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “caer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “caer” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “caer” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Late Latin cadēre, from Latin cadĕre. Compare Portuguese cair, Galician caer, French choir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaˈeɾ/ [kaˈeɾ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: ca‧er
Verb
caer (first-person singular present caigo, first-person singular preterite caí, past participle caído)
- (intransitive, reflexive) to fall (to move to a lower position due to gravity)
- (intransitive) to fall (to come down, to drop, to descend)
- La lluvia cae más fuerte que antes.
- The rain is falling heavier than before.
- (intransitive, reflexive) to fall down, to collapse (to fall to the ground)
- (intransitive, reflexive) to fall out (to come out of something by falling)
- El pelo dañado puede caerse.
- Damaged hair can fall out.
- (intransitive) to fall into, to fall for; to be ensnared by
- caer en la trampa ― to fall into the trap
- (intransitive) to fall into (to enter a negative state)
- (intransitive) to fall, to collapse (to be overthrown or defeated)
- El imperio romano cayó poco a poco.
- The Roman Empire fell little by little.
- (intransitive) to get (to understand)
- No caigo. ― I don't get it.
- (intransitive) to be granted or awarded
- Le cayó una multa.
- She got fined.
- (intransitive) to fall under (to belong to for purposes of categorization)
- (intransitive) to fall on (to occur on a particular day)
Conjugation
| infinitive | caer | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | cayendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | caído | caída | |||||
| plural | caídos | caídas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | caigo | caestú caésvos |
cae | caemos | caéis | caen | |
| imperfect | caía | caías | caía | caíamos | caíais | caían | |
| preterite | caí | caíste | cayó | caímos | caísteis | cayeron | |
| future | caeré | caerás | caerá | caeremos | caeréis | caerán | |
| conditional | caería | caerías | caería | caeríamos | caeríais | caerían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | caiga | caigastú caigásvos2 |
caiga | caigamos | caigáis | caigan | |
| imperfect (ra) |
cayera | cayeras | cayera | cayéramos | cayerais | cayeran | |
| imperfect (se) |
cayese | cayeses | cayese | cayésemos | cayeseis | cayesen | |
| future1 | cayere | cayeres | cayere | cayéremos | cayereis | cayeren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | caetú caévos |
caiga | caigamos | caed | caigan | ||
| negative | no caigas | no caiga | no caigamos | no caigáis | no caigan | ||
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive caer | |||||||
| dative | caerme | caerte | caerle, caerse | caernos | caeros | caerles, caerse | |
| accusative | caerme | caerte | caerlo, caerla, caerse | caernos | caeros | caerlos, caerlas, caerse | |
| with gerund cayendo | |||||||
| dative | cayéndome | cayéndote | cayéndole, cayéndose | cayéndonos | cayéndoos | cayéndoles, cayéndose | |
| accusative | cayéndome | cayéndote | cayéndolo, cayéndola, cayéndose | cayéndonos | cayéndoos | cayéndolos, cayéndolas, cayéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative cae | |||||||
| dative | cáeme | cáete | cáele | cáenos | not used | cáeles | |
| accusative | cáeme | cáete | cáelo, cáela | cáenos | not used | cáelos, cáelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative caé | |||||||
| dative | caeme | caete | caele | caenos | not used | caeles | |
| accusative | caeme | caete | caelo, caela | caenos | not used | caelos, caelas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative caiga | |||||||
| dative | cáigame | not used | cáigale, cáigase | cáiganos | not used | cáigales | |
| accusative | cáigame | not used | cáigalo, cáigala, cáigase | cáiganos | not used | cáigalos, cáigalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative caigamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | caigámoste | caigámosle | caigámonos | caigámoos | caigámosles | |
| accusative | not used | caigámoste | caigámoslo, caigámosla | caigámonos | caigámoos | caigámoslos, caigámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative caed | |||||||
| dative | caedme | not used | caedle | caednos | caeos | caedles | |
| accusative | caedme | not used | caedlo, caedla | caednos | caeos | caedlos, caedlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative caigan | |||||||
| dative | cáiganme | not used | cáiganle | cáigannos | not used | cáiganles, cáiganse | |
| accusative | cáiganme | not used | cáiganlo, cáiganla | cáigannos | not used | cáiganlos, cáiganlas, cáiganse | |
| infinitive | caerse | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | cayéndose | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | caído | caída | |||||
| plural | caídos | caídas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| personal non-finite | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| infinitive | caerme | caerte | caerse | caernos | caeros | caerse | |
| gerund | cayéndome | cayéndote | cayéndose | cayéndonos | cayéndoos | cayéndose | |
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | me caigo | te caestú te caésvos |
se cae | nos caemos | os caéis | se caen | |
| imperfect | me caía | te caías | se caía | nos caíamos | os caíais | se caían | |
| preterite | me caí | te caíste | se cayó | nos caímos | os caísteis | se cayeron | |
| future | me caeré | te caerás | se caerá | nos caeremos | os caeréis | se caerán | |
| conditional | me caería | te caerías | se caería | nos caeríamos | os caeríais | se caerían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | me caiga | te caigastú te caigásvos2 |
se caiga | nos caigamos | os caigáis | se caigan | |
| imperfect (ra) |
me cayera | te cayeras | se cayera | nos cayéramos | os cayerais | se cayeran | |
| imperfect (se) |
me cayese | te cayeses | se cayese | nos cayésemos | os cayeseis | se cayesen | |
| future1 | me cayere | te cayeres | se cayere | nos cayéremos | os cayereis | se cayeren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | cáetetú caetevos |
cáigase | caigámonos | caeos | cáiganse | ||
| negative | no te caigas | no se caiga | no nos caigamos | no os caigáis | no se caigan | ||
Derived terms
- caedizo
- caer a plomo
- caer bien
- caer chuzos de punta
- caer como chinches
- caer como moscas
- caer como un baldado de agua fría
- caer de indio
- caer de las nubes
- caer de pie
- caer de plano
- caer el veinte
- caer en desgracia
- caer en el anzuelo
- caer en el chiste
- caer en gracia
- caer en gusto
- caer en la cama
- caer en la celada
- caer en la cuenta
- caer en mal caso
- caer en saco roto
- caer gordo
- caer la balanza
- caer mal
- caer pesado
- caerle una buena
- caerse de culo
- caerse de morros
- caérsele el alma a los pies
- caérsele la casa encima
- caérsele los anillos
- caérsele los palos del sombrajo
- caimiento
- dejar caer
- dejarse caer
- estar al caer
- no caerá esa breva
- poner a caer de un burro
Further reading
- “caer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /kaːɨ̯r/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /kai̯r/
Etymology 1
From Middle Welsh caer, from Old Welsh cair, from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨr (“fort, fortified town”).
See also Cornish ker (“fort”), Breton kêr (“town, city”). Related to cae (“field”).
Noun
Derived terms
- bryngaer (“hill-fort”)
- Caer Arianrhod (“Milky Way”)
- Caer Colun (“Colchester”)
- Caer Gwydion (“Milky Way”)
- Caer Ludd (“London”)
- Caer Rhain (“Aconbury”)
- Caer (“Chester”)
- Caer-went (“Caer-went”)
- Caerdroea (“Troy”)
- Caerdydd (“Cardiff”)
- Caeredin (“Edinburgh”)
- Caerfaddon (“Bath”)
- Caerferwig (“Berwick(-upon-Tweed)”)
- Caerfuddai (“Chichester”)
- Caerfyrddin (“Carmarthen”)
- Caerffili (“Caerphilly”)
- Caergaint (“Canterbury”)
- caergawell (“gabion”)
- Caergeiliog (“Caergeiliog”)
- Caergrawnt (“Cambridge”)
- Caergwrle (“Caergwrle”)
- Caergybi (“Holyhead”)
- Caergystennin (“Constantinople”)
- Caeriw (“Carew”)
- Caerliwelydd (“Carlisle”)
- Caerloyw (“Gloucester”)
- Caerlwytgoed (“Lichfield”)
- Caerlŷr (“Leicester”)
- Caerllion (“Caerleon”)
- Caermeini (“Caermeini”)
- Caernarfon (“Carnarfon”)
- caerog (“fortified”)
- Caersalem (“Jerusalem”)
- Caersallog (“Salisbury”)
- Caersŵs (“Caersws”)
- caeru (“to fortify”)
- Caerwedros (“Caerwedron”)
- Caerwrangon (“Worcester”)
- Caerwrygion (“Wroxeter”)
- Caerwynt (“Winchester”)
- Caerwys (“Caerwys”)
- Caerwysg (“Exeter”)
- Caerhirfryn (“Lancaster”)
- Caerhun (“Caerhun”)
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| caer | gaer | nghaer | chaer |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “caer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies