bị
See also: Appendix:Variations of "bi"
Vietnamese
    
FWOTD – 23 November 2020
    Etymology
    
Sino-Vietnamese word from 被 (“to cover, to pack; "by" (passive voice)”).
Pronunciation
    
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɓi˧˨ʔ]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɓɪj˨˩ʔ]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɓɪj˨˩˨]
Derived terms
    
Verb
    
bị
- particle denoting the subject is negatively affected by the predicate
- bị đột quỵ ― to suffer a stroke
 - 1936, Ngô Tất Tố, Tắt đèn:- Rồi tháng tám năm ngoái, mẹ anh bị bệnh qua đời.- Then, in August last year, his mother fell ill and passed away.
 
 
 
- (before a verb) to be (used to form the passive voice if the subject is negatively affected by the action)
- bị đánh ― to be beaten
 - 1938, Thạch Lam, “Nắng trong vườn”, in Bắt đầu:- Loan bực tức vì bị để ra ngoài một câu chuyện quan trọng.- Loan was angry because she was left out of something important.
 
 
- 1936, Vũ Trọng Phụng, chapter 2, in Số đỏ, Hà Nội báo:- Ông quản than thở một cách rền rĩ: / – Chúng ta bị phạt nhiều quá. / Thầy min đơ nhắc lại, âu sầu: / – Thật vậy, chúng ta bị nhiều quá.- The manager complained pitifully: "We are being fined too much." Mr Mille Deux repeated, morose, "That's true, we are [being fined] too much."
 
 
 
Usage notes
    
The particle bị indicates that the subject is negatively affected by what comes after the bị. This can be a noun or adjective (bị bệnh "to be ill") or a phrase (bị con chó cắn "to be bitten by a dog"). In the second case, this construction is equivalent to the passive voice; it is however only used when the subject is negatively affected (otherwise được is used).
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