adnabod

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh adnabot, from an adjective form related to Proto-Celtic *ati-gninati (“to know”) (compare Old Irish ad·gnin) compounded with bod (“to be”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, a nasal-infix present of *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).

The form adwaen is from Proto-Celtic *ati-uɸo-gninati.

Pronunciation

Verb

adnabod (first-person singular present adwaen)

  1. to recognize (to match in memory; to know from a previous encounter)
  2. to know (be acquainted or familiar with)

Usage notes

In the literary language, this verb means ‘recognize’/‘know’ (in the sense of French connaître and German kennen); in the colloquial language it means only ‘recognize’, while ‘know’ is nabod.

Conjugation
Conjugation
Literary forms singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative adwaen, adwen adweini, adwaenost adwaen, adwen, edwyn adwaenom, adwaenwn adwaenoch, adwaenwch adwaenant adwaenir, adweinir
future/present habitual adweinaf, adnabyddaf adweini, adnabyddi adwaen, adnebydd adwaenwn, adnabyddwn adwaenwch, adnabyddwch adwaenant, adnabyddant adnabyddir
imperfect indicative/conditional adwaenwn adwaenit adwaenai adwaenem adwaenech adwaenent, adwaenynt adwaenid, adweinid
preterite adnabûm, adnabyddais adnabuost, adnabyddaist adnabu, adnabyddodd adnabuom, adnabyddom adnabuoch, adnabyddoch adnabuont, adnabuant, adnabyddont adnabuwyd
pluperfect adnabuaswn, adwaenaswn adnabuasit, adwaenasit adnabuasai, adwaenasai adnabuasem, adwaenasem adnabuasech, adwaenasech adnabuasent, adwaenasent adnabuasid, adnabuesid
present subjunctive adnapwyf, adnabyddwyf adnepych, adnabyddych adnapo, adnabyddo adnapom, adnabyddom adnapoch, adnabyddoch adnapont, adnabyddont adnaper, adnabydder
imperfect subjunctive adnapwn, adwaenwn, adnabyddwn adnapit, adwaenit, adnabyddit adnapai, adwaenai, adnabyddai adnapem, adwaenem, adnabyddem adnapech, adwaenech, adnabyddech adnapent, adwaenent, adnabyddent adnapid, adnabyddid
imperative — adnebydd adnabydded adnabyddwn adnabyddwch adnabyddent adnaper, adnabydder, adwaener
verbal noun adnabod
verbal adjectives adnabodedig, adnabyddedig, adwaenedig
adnabodadwy, adnabyddadwy


Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future adnabydda i, adnabyddaf i adnabyddi di adnabyddith o/e/hi, adnabyddiff e/hi adnabyddwn ni adnabyddwch chi adnabyddan nhw
conditional adnabyddwn i, adwaenwn i adnabyddet ti, adwaenet ti adnabyddai fo/fe/hi, adwaenai fo/fe/hi adnabydden ni, adwaenen ni adnabyddech chi, adwaenech chi adnabydden nhw, adwaenen nhw
preterite adnabyddais i, adnabyddes i adnabyddaist ti, adnabyddest ti adnabyddodd o/e/hi adnabyddon ni adnabyddoch chi adnabyddon nhw
imperative — adnabydda — — adnabyddwch} —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Synonyms
  • (to know (be acquainted or familiar with)): nabod (colloquial)

Derived terms
  • adnabyddiaeth (“knowledge, acquaintance”)
  • adnabyddus (“well-known”)
  • cerdyn adnabod (“identity card, ID”)
  • nabod (“to know (be acquainted or familiar with)”) (colloquial)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
adnabod unchanged unchanged hadnabod
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “adwaen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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