< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skappjan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *skapjaną.
Inflection
| Strong class 6 j-present | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *skappjan | |
| 1st sg. past | *skōp | |
| 3rd pl. past | *skōpun | |
| Past ptcple | *skapan | |
| Infinitive | *skappjan | |
| Genitive infin. | *skappjannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *skappjannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *skappjannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *skappju | *skōp |
| 2nd singular | *skapiʀi | *skōpī |
| 3rd singular | *skapidi | *skōp |
| 1st plural | *skappjum | *skōpum |
| 2nd plural | *skapid | *skōpud |
| 3rd plural | *skappjand | *skōpun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *skappjē | *skōpī |
| 2nd singular | *skappjēs | *skōpī |
| 3rd singular | *skappjē | *skōpī |
| 1st plural | *skappjēm | *skōpīm |
| 2nd plural | *skappjēþ | *skōpīd |
| 3rd plural | *skappjēn | *skōpīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *skapi | |
| Plural | *skapid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *skappjandī | *skapan |
Related terms
Descendants
- Old English: sċieppan, sċyppan, sċippan
- Old Frisian: skeppa
- Saterland Frisian: skäppe, schäppe
- West Frisian: skeppe
- Old Saxon: skeppian
- Old Dutch: skeppen
- Old High German: scafan, skaffan, scaphan, skepfen, scephen
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *skappjan | |
| 1st sg. past | *skapidā | |
| Infinitive | *skappjan | |
| Genitive infin. | *skappjannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *skappjannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *skappjannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *skappju | *skapidā |
| 2nd singular | *skapisi | *skapidēs, *skapidōs |
| 3rd singular | *skapiþi | *skapidē, *skapidā |
| 1st plural | *skappjum | *skapidum |
| 2nd plural | *skapiþ | *skapidud |
| 3rd plural | *skappjanþ | *skapidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *skappjē | *skapidī |
| 2nd singular | *skappjēs | *skapidī |
| 3rd singular | *skappjē | *skapidī |
| 1st plural | *skappjēm | *skapidīm |
| 2nd plural | *skappjēþ | *skapidīd |
| 3rd plural | *skappjēn | *skapidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *skapi | |
| Plural | *skapiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *skappjandī | *skapid |
Descendants
References
- Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “PWGmc *[skapʲpʲan]”
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