< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rāmēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *rām (“goal, aim”) +‎ *-ēn.

Verb

*rāmēn[1]

  1. to strive for, aim for

Inflection
Class 3 weak
Infinitive *rāmēn
1st sg. past *rām?dā
Infinitive *rāmēn
Genitive infin. *rāmēnijas
Dative infin. *rāmēnijē
Instrum. infin. *rāmēniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *rāmē *rām?dā
2nd singular *rāmēs *rām?dēs, *rām?dēs
3rd singular *rāmēþ *rām?dē, *rām?dā
1st plural *rāmēm *rām?dum
2nd plural *rāmēþ *rām?dud
3rd plural *rāmēnþ *rām?dun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *rāmē *rām?dī
2nd singular *rāmēs *rām?dī
3rd singular *rāmē *rām?dī
1st plural *rāmēm *rām?dīm
2nd plural *rāmēþ *rām?dīd
3rd plural *rāmēn *rām?dīn
Imperative Present
Singular *rāmē
Plural *rāmēþ
Present Past
Participle *rāmēndī *rām?d

Alternative reconstructions
  • *rāmōn

Descendants
  • Old English: rōmian, rōmiġan
  • Old Frisian: ramia, remia, rammia
    • North Frisian: rame
    • West Frisian: raamje, rame
  • Old Saxon: rōmon, rōmigan, ruomon, rūmian, rūmon
    • Middle Low German: râmen (“to aim for, seek to meet”)
      • German Low German: råmen (“to overwhelm, conquer; to meet, encounter”)[2] (also < OS *ramon (“to overwhelm”) ⇐ PWG *ramm (“overwhelming”))
      • → Danish: ramme
  • Old Dutch: *rāmon
    • Middle Dutch: ramen (“to aim for; to guess”)
      • Dutch: ramen (“to estimate”)
  • Old High German: rāmēn, rāmōn

References
  1. Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 143: “PWGmc *rāmē-”
  2. Frischbier, H. (1883) “råmen”, in Preußisches Wörterbuch. Ost- und westpreußische Provinzialismen in alphabetischer Folge‎, volumes II: L – Z, Berlin: Verlag von Th. Chr. Fr. Enslin, page 211
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