< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kirnijan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną. Equivalent to *kernā (“butter tub”) + *-jan.
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *kirnijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *kirnidā | |
| Infinitive | *kirnijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *kirnijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *kirnijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *kirnijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *kirniju | *kirnidā |
| 2nd singular | *kirnisi | *kirnidēs, *kirnidōs |
| 3rd singular | *kirniþi | *kirnidē, *kirnidā |
| 1st plural | *kirnijum | *kirnidum |
| 2nd plural | *kirniþ | *kirnidud |
| 3rd plural | *kirnijanþ | *kirnidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *kirnijē | *kirnidī |
| 2nd singular | *kirnijēs | *kirnidī |
| 3rd singular | *kirnijē | *kirnidī |
| 1st plural | *kirnijēm | *kirnidīm |
| 2nd plural | *kirnijēþ | *kirnidīd |
| 3rd plural | *kirnijēn | *kirnidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *kirni | |
| Plural | *kirniþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *kirnijandī | *kirnid |
Descendants
- Old English: cernan
- Middle English: chernen
- English: churn
- Middle English: chernen
- Old Dutch: *kirnen
- Old Saxon: *kirnian
- Old High German: *kirnen
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