Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kakulōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Perhaps imitative, or from *kakōn (“to scold, rebuke, shame, deride”) +‎ *-ulōn.

Verb

*kakulōn

to make fun of
to chatter, cackle

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*kakulōn
1st sg. past	*kakulōdā
Infinitive	*kakulōn
Genitive infin.	*kakulōnijas
Dative infin.	*kakulōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*kakulōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*kakulō	*kakulōdā
2nd singular	*kakulōs	kakulōdēs, kakulōdōs
3rd singular	*kakulōþ	kakulōdē, kakulōdā
1st plural	*kakulōm	*kakulōdum
2nd plural	*kakulōþ	*kakulōdud
3rd plural	*kakulōnþ	*kakulōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*kakulō	*kakulōdī
2nd singular	*kakulōs	*kakulōdī
3rd singular	*kakulō	*kakulōdī
1st plural	*kakulōm	*kakulōdīm
2nd plural	*kakulōþ	*kakulōdīd
3rd plural	*kakulōn	*kakulōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kakulō
Plural	*kakulōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*kakulōndī	*kakulōd

Alternative reconstructions

*kakilōn

Related terms

*kakittjan

Descendants

Old English: *caclian, *cæclian
- Middle English: cakelen, caclen, *kekelen
  - English: cackle, keckle
  - Early Scots: kekil, kekkill
    - Scots: caickle, keckle
Old Frisian: *kakelia, *kākelia
- Saterland Frisian: koakelje
- West Frisian: keakelje
Old Saxon: *kakulōn
- Middle Low German: kakelen, kākelen, kāklen
  - German Low German: kakeln
  - →? German: gackeln
  - → Danish: kagle
  - → Swedish: kackla
  - → Norwegian: kakle
Old Dutch: *kakulon, *kekilon
- Middle Dutch: cakelen, kekelen
  - Dutch: kakelen, kekelen

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