< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hardiʀō

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hardizô. Equivalent to *hard(ī) (“hard”) +‎ *-iʀō. Cognate with Old Norse harðare, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌶𐌰 (hardiza).

Adjective

*hardiʀō

  1. comparative degree of *hard(ī) (“hard”): harder

Inflection
n-stem
Singular Masculine
Nominative *hardiʀō
Genitive *hardiʀini, *hardiʀan
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *hardiʀō *hardiʀā *hardiʀā
Accusative *hardiʀan *hardiʀōn *hardiʀā
Genitive *hardiʀini, *hardiʀan *hardiʀōn *hardiʀini, *hardiʀan
Dative *hardiʀini, *hardiʀan *hardiʀōn *hardiʀini, *hardiʀan
Instrumental *hardiʀini, *hardiʀan *hardiʀōn *hardiʀini, *hardiʀan
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *hardiʀan *hardiʀōn *hardiʀōn
Accusative *hardiʀan *hardiʀōn *hardiʀōn
Genitive *hardiʀanō *hardiʀōnō *hardiʀanō
Dative *hardiʀum *hardiʀōm, *hardiʀum *hardiʀum
Instrumental *hardiʀum *hardiʀōm, *hardiʀum *hardiʀum

Descendants
  • Old English: heardra
    • Middle English: hardere, harder
  • Old Frisian: *hardera
  • Old Saxon: *hardiro
    • Middle Low German:
      • German Low German: hädder, harder, härter, hiarter, hiäter, hätter
  • Old Dutch: *hartiro
  • Old High German: hartiro, hertiro
    • Middle High German: herter, herder
      • Bavarian: härter
      • Central Franconian: hääder, haader
      • German: härter
      • Yiddish: האַרדער (harder)
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