< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grammjan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *gramjaną. Equivalent to *gram (“furious”) + *-jan.
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *grammjan | |
| 1st sg. past | *gramidā | |
| Infinitive | *grammjan | |
| Genitive infin. | *grammjannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *grammjannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *grammjannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *grammju | *gramidā |
| 2nd singular | *gramisi | *gramidēs, *gramidōs |
| 3rd singular | *gramiþi | *gramidē, *gramidā |
| 1st plural | *grammjum | *gramidum |
| 2nd plural | *gramiþ | *gramidud |
| 3rd plural | *grammjanþ | *gramidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *grammjē | *gramidī |
| 2nd singular | *grammjēs | *gramidī |
| 3rd singular | *grammjē | *gramidī |
| 1st plural | *grammjēm | *gramidīm |
| 2nd plural | *grammjēþ | *gramidīd |
| 3rd plural | *grammjēn | *gramidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *grami | |
| Plural | *gramiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *grammjandī | *gramid |
Related terms
Descendants
- Old English: gremian, gremman
- Middle English: gremen
- Old Frisian: *gremia, *gremma
- Saterland Frisian: grääme
- Old Saxon: *gremian, *gremmian
- Middle Low German: grēmen, gremmen
- Old Dutch: *gremen, *gremmen
- Middle Dutch: grēmen, gremmen
- Old High German: gremen, gremmen
- Middle High German: gremen
- German: grämen
- Middle High German: gremen
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