Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ling

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-lingaz.

Suffix

*-ling m

Forms noun-derivatives with sense of 'belonging to, coming from, descending from', often with a diminutive force.

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*-ling
Genitive	*-lingas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*-ling	-lingō, -lingōs
Accusative	*-ling	*-lingā
Genitive	*-lingas	*-lingō
Dative	*-lingē	*-lingum
Instrumental	*-lingu	*-lingum

Derived terms

Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ling

Descendants

Old English: -ling
- Middle English: -ling, -linge, -lingge, -lyng, -lynge
  - English: -ling
  - Scots: -ling, -lin
Old Frisian: -ling
- Saterland Frisian: -ling
- West Frisian: -ling
Old Saxon: -ling
- Middle Low German: -linc, -link
  - German Low German: -ling
Old Dutch: -ling
- Middle Dutch: -ling
  - Dutch: -ling
Old High German: -ling
- Middle High German: -linc
  - German: -ling
→ Vulgar Latin: *-lingus
- Old French: -lein, -lain, -llan, -layn, -lenc, -leyn
  - Middle French: -llan
    - French: -llan
      - → Italian: -llano
      - → Spanish: -lán
  - → English: -lain
- Old Italian: -lingo
  - Italian: -lengo
- Old Occitan: -leng
  - Catalan: -lenc
- Spanish: -lengo

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