< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/toprak
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *topur (“soil, earth”) + *-ak (diminutive suffix).
Compare Proto-Mongolic *toxurag (“dust”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Also related to Karakhanid تُبُرْغانْ (topurğan). This in turn goes back to Proto-Turkic *topur-.
Declension
Declension of *toprak
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *toprak |
| Accusative | *topraknï, *toprakïg 4), *topraknïg 1) |
| Genitive | *topraknïŋ |
| Dative | *toprakka |
| Locative | *toprakda |
| Ablative | *toprakdan |
| Allative | *toprakgaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *toprakïn |
| Equative 2) | *toprakča |
| Similative 2) | *topraklayu |
| Comitative 2) | *topraklïgu |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants
- → Proto-Mongolic: *toxurag
- Mongolian: товрог (tovrog)
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: тӑпра (tăpra)
- Common Turkic:
References
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*topra-k”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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