< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/topiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tapīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *top-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“hot, warm”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit तापयति (tāpáyati, “to heat, to torment”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tāpaiieiti, “to heat”).

Verb

*topìti impf[1][2][3]

  1. to heat up
  2. to melt, to thaw
Inflection
Conjugation of *topiti, *topi, *topitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*topľenьje *topiti *topitъ *topilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *topľenъ *topimъ
Active *topľь *topę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *topixъ*topi*topi *topľǫ*topiši*topitь
Dual *topixově*topista*topiste *topivě*topita*topite
Plural *topixomъ*topiste*topišę *topimъ*topite*topętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *topľaaxъ*topľaaše*topľaaše —*topi*topi
Dual *topľaaxově*topľaašeta*topľaašete *topivě*topita—
Plural *topľaaxomъ*topľaašete*topľaaxǫ *topimъ*topite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*topivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
  • *teplъ, *toplъ (“warm”)
    • *topliti (“to heat”)
    • *toplina (“heat”)
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: топити (topiti)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: topiti
    • Kashubian: topic
    • Polabian: tüpait
    • Old Polish: topić
    • Slovak: topiť
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: topiś
  • Non-Slavic:
    • → Romanian: topi (“to melt”)

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*topìti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 496
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “topiti: topjǫ topitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c smelte; drukne (SA 260; PR 140)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “topiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *topi̋ti ‛s segrevanjem raztapljati’”
Further reading
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “тёплый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 236
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “топи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

Unclear. Vasmer suggests a possible connection with Old Armenian թաթաւեմ (tʻatʻawem, “to soak (e.g. clothes in blood)”), but notes that it's quite conjectural. Trubachev notes that Zubaty and Stang suggest a connection with Lithuanian tàpti (“to become”), Latvian tapt (“to become, to get infected”), effectively from Proto-Balto-Slavic *taptéi (“to get stuck”) +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*topìti impf (perfective *topnǫti)[1][2]

  1. to plunge, to dunk
    1. → to sink, to submerge (in liquid)
    2. → to soak, to immerse
    3. → to drown
Inflection
Conjugation of *topiti, *topi, *topitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*topľenьje *topiti *topitъ *topilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *topľenъ *topimъ
Active *topľь *topę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *topixъ*topi*topi *topľǫ*topiši*topitь
Dual *topixově*topista*topiste *topivě*topita*topite
Plural *topixomъ*topiste*topišę *topimъ*topite*topętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *topľaaxъ*topľaaše*topľaaše —*topi*topi
Dual *topľaaxově*topľaašeta*topľaašete *topivě*topita—
Plural *topľaaxomъ*topľaašete*topľaaxǫ *topimъ*topite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*topivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Descendants

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*topìti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 496
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016) “-topiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *topi̋ti ‛potapljati’”
Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “топи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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