Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъlmačiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *tъlmáčь +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*tъlmačiti

(transitive, intransitive) to interpret, to translate
Synonyms: *perklasti, *pervesti
(transitive) to explain

Inflection

Conjugation of *tъlmačiti, *tъlmači, *tъlmačitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tъlmačenьje	*tъlmačiti	*tъlmačitъ	*tъlmačilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tъlmačenъ	*tъlmačimъ
Active	*tъlmačь	*tъlmačę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъlmačixъ	*tъlmači	*tъlmači	*tъlmačǫ	*tъlmačiši	*tъlmačitь
Dual	*tъlmačixově	*tъlmačista	*tъlmačiste	*tъlmačivě	*tъlmačita	*tъlmačite
Plural	*tъlmačixomъ	*tъlmačiste	*tъlmačišę	*tъlmačimъ	*tъlmačite	*tъlmačętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъlmačaaxъ	*tъlmačaaše	*tъlmačaaše	—	*tъlmači	*tъlmači
Dual	*tъlmačaaxově	*tъlmačaašeta	*tъlmačaašete	*tъlmačivě	*tъlmačita	—
Plural	*tъlmačaaxomъ	*tъlmačaašete	*tъlmačaaxǫ	*tъlmačimъ	*tъlmačite	—

(*)*tъlmačivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: тълмачити (tŭlmačiti)
  - Russian: толма́чить (tolmáčitʹ)
  - Ukrainian: товма́чити (tovmáčyty)
South Slavic
- Macedonian: то́лмачи (tólmači) (archaic)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: тума́чити
  
  Latin script: tumáčiti
- Slovene: tolmáčiti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic
- Old Czech: tlumačiti
  - Czech: tlumočit
- Kashubian: tłomaczëc, tłómaczëc
- Old Polish: tłumaczyć
  - Polish: tłumaczyć
    - → Belarusian: тлума́чыць (tlumáčycʹ)
    - → Ukrainian: тлума́чити (tlumáčyty)
- Slovak: tlmočiť
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: tołmačić

Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: tălmăci