< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kydnǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From the root of *kydati + *-nǫti.

Verb

*kydnǫti pf (imperfective *kydati)[1]

  1. to throw, to fling

Inflection
Conjugation of *kydnǫti, *kydnǫ, *kydnetь (perf., -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kydnovenьje *kydnǫti *kydnǫtъ *kydnǫlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kydnovenъ —
Active *kydnǫvъ —
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kydnǫxъ*kydnǫ*kydnǫ *kydnǫ*kydneši*kydnetь
Dual *kydnǫxově*kydnǫsta*kydnǫste *kydnevě*kydneta*kydnete
Plural *kydnǫxomъ*kydnǫste*kydnǫšę *kydnemъ*kydnete*kydnǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular ——— —*kydni*kydni
Dual ——— *kydněvě*kydněta—
Plural ——— *kydněmъ*kydněte—
    Notes:
  • In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Conjugation of *kydnǫti, *kyde, *kydnetь (perf., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kydenьje *kydnǫti *kydnǫtъ *kydlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kydenъ —
Active *kydъ —
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kyd(ox)ъ*kyde*kyde *kydnǫ*kydneši*kydnetь
Dual *kyd(ox)ově*kyd(e/os)ta*kyd(e/os)te *kydnevě*kydneta*kydnete
Plural *kyd(ox)omъ*kyd(e/os)te*kydǫ, *kydošę *kydnemъ*kydnete*kydnǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular ——— —*kydni*kydni
Dual ——— *kydněvě*kydněta—
Plural ——— *kydněmъ*kydněte—
    Notes:
  • In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: кꙑнꙋти (kynuti), кинꙋти (kinuti)
  • South Slavic:
    • Church Slavonic: кꙑнѫти (kynǫti)
    • Bulgarian: ки́на (kína) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: кине (kine)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ки̏нути
      Latin script: kȉnuti
    • Slovene: kíniti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: kydnout[2]
    • Old Polish: kinąć
    • Slovak: kydnúť
    • Slovincian: kjynõc
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: kinyć
      • Lower Sorbian: kinuś

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кида́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 560
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kydnǫti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 253
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “ки́дати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kydnǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 265: “v. ‘throw, fling’”
  2. František Št. Kott (1890) “kydnouti”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: František Šimáček, page 794
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