< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gnesti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gnestei, from Proto-Indo-European *gnét-ti, from *gnet-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *knudaną.

Verb

*gnestì impf[1][2]

  1. to press
  2. to knead

Inflection
Conjugation of *gnesti, *gnete, *gnetetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*gnetenьje *gnesti *gnestъ *gnetlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *gnetenъ *gnetomъ
Active *gnetъ *gnety
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *gnet(ox)ъ*gnete*gnete *gnetǫ*gneteši*gnetetь
Dual *gnet(ox)ově*gnet(e/os)ta*gnet(e/os)te *gnetevě*gneteta*gnetete
Plural *gnet(ox)omъ*gnet(e/os)te*gnetǫ, *gnetošę *gnetemъ*gnetete*gnetǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *gnetěaxъ*gnetěaše*gnetěaše —*gneti*gneti
Dual *gnetěaxově*gnetěašeta*gnetěašete *gnetěvě*gnetěta—
Plural *gnetěaxomъ*gnetěašete*gnetěaxǫ *gnetěmъ*gnetěte—

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: гнести (gnesti)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: гнести (gnesti)
      Glagolitic script: ⰳⱀⰵⱄⱅⰻ (gnesti)
    • Bulgarian: гнетя̀ (gnetjà)
    • Macedonian: гнете (gnete)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Serbo-Croatian: гњѐсти
      Serbo-Croatian: gnjèsti
    • Slovene: gnésti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гнету́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “гнести́”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 195
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gnesti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 165

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gnestì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 168: “v. (c) ‘knead, press’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “gnesti: gnetǫ gnetetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c trykke (PR 139)”
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