< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bъrkati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably polygenetic. Proposed origins:

  • Some of the meanings from *bъrkъ (“whisker, quill”) +‎ *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, to bore”).
  • Onomatopoeic, akin to Proto-Slavic *bъrčati (“to buzz, to drone, to whizz”), *burkati (“to growl, to grumble”) and Lithuanian bur̃kti, bur̃kšti (“to bang, to rattle”).

Compare also Proto-Slavic *brъkati (“to shove, to mingle, to stir”).

Verb

*bъrkàti impf (perfective *bъrknǫti or *bъrkovati)[1]

  1. to trim, to crop (feathers, beard) (in East Slavic)
  2. to flatter (wings) → to whoosh, to hurl, to fly away (in West Slavic)
  3. to poke, to kick
    → (by extension) to wrinkle, to curl
    → (figurative) to chase away
  4. (reflexive) to drive, to swing oneself

Alternative forms
  • *bъrxati

Conjugation
Conjugation of *bъrkati, *bъrka, *bъrčetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*bъrkanьje *bъrkati *bъrkatъ *bъrkalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *bъrkanъ *bъrčemъ
Active *bъrkavъ *bъrčę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *bъrkaxъ*bъrka*bъrka *bъrčǫ*bъrčeši*bъrčetь
Dual *bъrkaxově*bъrkasta*bъrkaste *bъrčevě*bъrčeta*bъrčete
Plural *bъrkaxomъ*bъrkaste*bъrkašę *bъrčemъ*bъrčete*bъrčǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *bъrkaaxъ*bъrkaaše*bъrkaaše —*bъrči*bъrči
Dual *bъrkaaxově*bъrkaašeta*bъrkaašete *bъrčivě*bъrčita—
Plural *bъrkaaxomъ*bъrkaašete*bъrkaaxǫ *bъrčimъ*bъrčite—
Conjugation of *bъrkati, *bъrka, *bъrkajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*bъrkanьje *bъrkati *bъrkatъ *bъrkalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *bъrkanъ *bъrkajemъ
Active *bъrkavъ *bъrkaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *bъrkaxъ*bъrka*bъrka *bъrkajǫ*bъrkaješi*bъrkajetь
Dual *bъrkaxově*bъrkasta*bъrkaste *bъrkajevě*bъrkajeta*bъrkajete
Plural *bъrkaxomъ*bъrkaste*bъrkašę *bъrkajemъ*bъrkajete*bъrkajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *bъrkaaxъ*bъrkaaše*bъrkaaše —*bъrkaji*bъrkaji
Dual *bъrkaaxově*bъrkaašeta*bъrkaašete *bъrkajivě*bъrkajita—
Plural *bъrkaaxomъ*bъrkaašete*bъrkaaxǫ *bъrkajimъ*bъrkajite—

Derived terms
  • *pribъrkati (“to beat, to stroke”)
  • *vъbъrkati, *ubъrkati (“to poke into”)
  • *borti (“to fight, to challenge”)
  • *bъrčiti (“to wrinkle, to curl”)
    • *bъrčьka (“wrinkle”)
  • *bъrkъ (“whisker, quill”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: бо́ркать (bórkatʹ)
    • Ukrainian: бо́ркати (bórkaty, “to trim bird's feathers”)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: бъ́ркам (bǎ́rkam), бъ́рча (bǎ́rča)
    • Macedonian: брка (brka, “to chase”)
    • Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)
      Cyrillic script: бр̀кати (“to beat, to smack”)
      Latin script: br̀kati (“to beat, to smack”)
    • Slovene: brkljáti (tonal orthography), bŕcati
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: brkat, brchat
    • Old Polish: barkać
    • Slovak: bŕkať
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: barkaś
      • Upper Sorbian: barkać

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*bъrkati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 126
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “боркать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “бъркам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 102

References
  1. Snoj, Marko (2016) “bŕcati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *bъrka̋ti”
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