Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṯalg-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ṯalg- m

snow

Inflection

Declension of *ṯalg-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*ṯalgum

*ṯalgāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*ṯalgim

*ṯalgayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*ṯalgam

possessive forms

1st person

*ṯalgī / *ṯalgVya

—

*ṯalgVni

2nd person m

*ṯalgVka

*ṯalgVkumā / *ṯalgVkumay

*ṯalgVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*ṯalgVki

*ṯalgVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*ṯalgVšu

*ṯalgVšumā / *ṯalgVšumay

*ṯalgVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*ṯalgVša

*ṯalgVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṯalguya for nom. case, *ṯalgiya for gen. case, *ṯalgaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ṯalg-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ṯalguka	*ṯalgāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*ṯalgika	*ṯalgayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*ṯalgaka	*ṯalgayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ṯalg-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ṯalguki	*ṯalgāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*ṯalgiki	*ṯalgayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*ṯalgaki	*ṯalgayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒊭𒀠𒄖𒌝 (šalgum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: ثَلْج (ṯalj)
    - Egyptian Arabic: تلج (talg)
    - Gulf Arabic: ثلج (ṯalj)
    - Hijazi Arabic: ثلج (talj)
    - Maltese: silġ
    - Moroccan Arabic: تلج (talj)
    - → Dongolawi: tɛlığ
    - → Malay: salji, salju
      - Indonesian: salju
    - → Javanese: ꦱꦭ꧀ꦗꦸ (salju)
    - Ottoman Turkish: ثلج (selc)
      - Turkish: selc
    - → Sundanese: ᮞᮜ᮪ᮏᮥ (salju)
    - → Swahili: theluji
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Hebrew script: תַּלְגָּא (talgā)
      
      Syriac script: ܬܱ݁ܠܓܳܐ (talgā)
    - Canaanite
      - Hebrew: שֶׁלֶג (shéleg, šéleḡ)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎂𐎍𐎘 (glṯ /⁠galṯu⁠/)
→ Egyptian:

(sꜣrꜣqw)

References

Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Phonetics and Phonology”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 55

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