Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥāmiṣ́-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Active participle of *ḥamaṣ́- (“to be sour”).

Adjective

*ḥāmiṣ́-

sour, acid to the taste sense

Inflection

Declension of *ḥāmiṣ́-

Case	Singular		Dual		Plural
	m	f	m	f	m	f
Nominative	*ḥāmiṣ́um	*ḥāmiṣ́atum	*ḥāmiṣ́āna	*ḥāmiṣ́atāna	*ḥāmiṣ́ūna	*ḥāmiṣ́ātum
Genitive	*ḥāmiṣ́im	*ḥāmiṣ́atim	*ḥāmiṣ́ayna	*ḥāmiṣ́atayna	*ḥāmiṣ́īna	*ḥāmiṣ́ātim
Accusative	*ḥāmiṣ́am	*ḥāmiṣ́atam	*ḥāmiṣ́ayna	*ḥāmiṣ́atayna	*ḥāmiṣ́īna	*ḥāmiṣ́ātim

Related terms

*ḥamīṣ́- (“sour”)
*ḥamṣ́- (“sour”)
*ḥamaṣ́- (“to be sour”)
*ḥammiṣ́- (“to make sour, to acidify”)

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Eblaite: [script needed] (NINDA.AD₆ /⁠ʔà-mi-zum, ʔà-me-zum⁠/)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ)
- Northwest Semitic:
  - Aramaic:
    - Jewish Literary Aramaic: חוּמְעָא (ḥūməʿā, “vinegar”)
  - Canaanite:
    - Hebrew: חֹמֶץ (khómets, ḥṓmeṣ, “vinegar”)

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