Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/zaʀum

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɟ͡ʝaʀum/

Noun

*zaʀum

needle

Descendants

Proto-Philippine: *daʀum (see there for further descendants)
Greater Barito
- Sama–Bajaw
  - Balangingi: jawm
  - Central Sama: jalum
  - Yakan: dalum
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Ida'an: derum
  - >? Bonggi: jarubm
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Dusunic
    - >? Kimaragang: darum
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak: *jarum
  - Northern
    - Dairi Batak: jarum
    - Karo Batak: jarum
    - Simalungun Batak: jarum
  - Southern
    - Toba Batak: jarum
Rejang: dolom
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Chamic: *jarum
  - Acehnese: jarom
  - Coastal Chamic
    - Haroi: cơrŭm
    - Cham
      - Eastern Cham: ꨎꨣꨭꩌ (jarum)
      - Western Cham: جغوم (jrum)
  - Highlands Chamic
    - Chru–Northern Chamic
      - Chru: jrum
      - Northern Chamic
        Northern Roglai: jurup
        
        Tsat: sun¹¹
    - Jarai–Rade
      - Jarai: jrum, jơrum
      - Rade: êrŭm
- Malayic: *jarum
  - Ibanic
    - Iban: jarum
    - Mualang: jarum
  - Malayan
    - Malay: jarum
      - Indonesian: jarum
    - Minangkabau: jarum, jarun
  - Urak Lawoi': ยฺารบ (jarop)
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: ᬚᬳᬸᬫ᭄ (jaum)
  - Sasak: jarum
  - Sumbawa: jarum
Old Javanese: dom
- Javanese: ꦢꦺꦴꦩ꧀ (dom)
  - → Indonesian: dom
South Sulawesi
- Bugis–Tamanic
  - Buginese: jarung
- Makassaric
  - Makasar: jarung
    - →? Manggarai: jarung
- Seko
  - Seko Padang: jarung
- Northern
  - Mandar: rarung
  - Massenrempulu
    - Duri: jarun
  - Pitu Ulunna Salu
    - Bambam: dahun
  - Toraja
    - Mamasa: darun
    - Tae': darun
    - Toraja-Sa'dan: darun
Celebic
- Saluan–Banggai
  - Balantak: sarum
- Tomini–Tolitoli
  - Tajio: jaru
  - Lauje: jaung
- Kaili–Pamona
  - Northern
    - Ledo Kaili: jaru
    - Da'a Kaili: jaru
    - Pamona: jau
  - Southern
    - Uma: jaru
    - Bada: daru
    - Besoa: daru
- Muna–Buton
  - Bonerate: deyu
  - Muna: deu
- Bungku–Tolaki
  - Tolaki: seu
  - Moronene: seu
Central Malayo-Polynesian
- Bima: ndau
- Sumba–Flores
  - Rembong: zarun
  - Sabu: jhau
- Timoric
  - Tetum: daun
- Kei–Tanimbar
  - >? Fordata: dirin
Palauan: rasm < *racum
Oceanic: *saʀum
- Admiralty Islands
  - Lou: soun pwik
- St. Matthias
  - Mussau-Emira: raum
- Western Oceanic
  - North New Guinea
    - Huon Gulf
      - Wampar: so
    - Ngero–Vitiaz
      - Kove: salumu
      - Gitua: sarum
  - Meso-Melanesian
    - Northwest Solomonic
      - Halia: salem
      - Nehan: harum
- Central–Eastern Oceanic
  - Southeast Solomonic
    - Bugotu–Gela
      - Gela: ihalu
    - Malaita–Makira
      - Makira
        Arosi: taru
      - Malaita
        'Are'are: tarua
  - Central Pacific
    - East Fijian-Polynesian
      - Fijian: sau
      - Proto-Polynesian: *hau (see there for further descendants)

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *zaRum.
Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “HAU”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online

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